夫精明[《千金翼方》无“精明”二字]五色者，气之华也，赤欲如白[《脉经》、《千金》引“白”并作“帛”]裹朱，不欲如赭;白欲如鹅羽，不欲如盐;青欲如苍璧之泽，不欲如蓝;黄欲如罗裹雄黄，不欲如黄土;黑欲如重漆色，不欲如地苍[《脉经》、《千金》“地苍”并作“炭”]。五色精微象见矣，其寿不久也。夫精明者，所以视万物，别白黑，审短长。以长为短，以白为黑，如是则精衰矣。

"The five-colour of the complexion is the outer appearance of the vital energy, when it is red, it should like the cinnabar wrapped in a piece of white thin silk which can be seen indistinctly with ruddy colour, and does not like ochre in purplish red; when it is white, it should like the goose feather with brightness, and does not like salt which is white with mixed dark dregs: when it is green, it should be green like jade with lustre, and does not like indigo-blue in dark-green; when it is yellow, it should like realgar wrapped in a piece of white thin silk in reddish-yellow, and does not like earth in yellow with residue; when it is black, it should like black paint with moistening bright, and does not like charcoal in withering dark. If the decayed phenomena of the five colours appear, the life of the patient will not last long.

"The eyes of a man are for observing things, distinguishing the black, white and the length. If one can no more distinguish the length and the black and white, his vital energy has already been exhausted.

五藏者，中之守也，中盛藏满，气胜伤恐者[《三因方》引无此五字]，声如从室中言，是中气之湿也。言而微，终日乃复言[于弁说:“曰”字衍]者，此夺气也。衣被不敛，言语善恶，不避亲疏者，此神明之乱也。仓廪不藏者，是门户不要也。水泉不止者，是膀胱不藏也。得守者生，失守者死。

"The functions of the five viscera are storing the essence of men and guard it inside. If the energy of the abdomen is over-abundant, the energy stored inside will be filling, the voice of the patient will be harsh and turbid, like being sent out from a room, as the middle warmer energy is covered by the wetness-evil; if the voice of the patient is low, repeating again and again when talking, it shows the healthy-energy is declined evidently: if the patient can not tidy up his belongings, rambles in his statement, can not distinguish people in close or distant relation, it is obvious that his consciousness has become disordered: if the stomach and intestine of the patient can hardly hold the water and cereal with fecal incontinence, it is asthenia of kidney which fails to confine; if there is incontinence of urine, it is due to the inability of the shut and store of the bladder. In short, if the five viscera are able to play their roles of guarding inside, the health of the patient can be restored, otherwise, the patient will soon die.

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