经脉/Jing Mai

(On Channels)

雷公问于黄帝日:禁脉[禁脉:张注本“脉”作“服”]之言，凡刺之理，经脉为始，营其所行，制其度量，内次五脏，外别六腑，愿尽闻其道。黄帝日:人始生，先成精，精成而脑髓生，骨为干，脉为营，筋为纲，肉为墙，皮肤坚而毛发长，谷入于胃，脉道以通，血气乃行。雷公日:愿卒闻经脉之始生。黄帝日:经脉者，所以能决死生，处百病，调虚实，不可不通。

Leigong asked Yellow Emperor and said: "It was stated in the 《Jing Fu Chapters》: 'In acupuncture, channel is most important, one must estimate the condition of the beginning and the end of its operation, know its length, its relations with the five solid organs inside and different relations with the six hollow organs outside.' I hope to hear the reasons about it. " Yellow Emperor said: "In the beginning of human life the essence of life is formed first, then it developes into the brain and the spinal cord, and finally, the human body is shaped. The skeletons are like the wooden pillars on the two sides of the wall, the channels are like the barracks connecting each other, the tendons are like the strings the muscles are like the walls, and the skins and hairs are protecting the bones, channels, tendons and muscles. When the five-cereal enters into the stomach, it produces the refined substances which causes the unimpediment of the vessels and the unceasing operations of the blood and energy." Leigong said: "I hope to hear about the condition of the initial occurrence of the channel." Yellow Emperor said: "One can determine the survival or death of the patient, can treat various diseases and find out whether the disease is of sthenic or asthenic according to the condition of the channel, and one must understand it."

肺手太阴之脉，起于中焦，下络大肠，还循胃口，上膈属肺，从肺系横出腋下，下循腸内，行少阴心主之前，下肘中，循臂内上骨下廉，入寸口，上鱼[《圣济总录》卷一百九十一引“上”下无“鱼”字，“上”字连下读]，循鱼际，出大指之端;其支者，从腕后直出次指内廉，出其端。是动则病肺胀满，膨膨而喘咳，缺盆中痛，甚则交两手而瞀，此为臂厥。是主肺所生病者，咳，上气喘渴，烦心胸满，脯臂内前廉痛厥，掌中热。气盛有余，则肩背[背:守校本作“臂”。]痛，风寒，汗出中风，小便数而欠。气虚则肩背痛寒，少气不足以息，溺色变。为此诸病，盛则泻之，虚则补之，热则疾之，寒则留之，陷下则灸之，不盛不虚，以经取之。盛者寸口大三倍于人迎，虚者则寸口反小于人迎也。

"The Hand Taiyin Channel of Lung starts from the abdomen of the middle warmer, winds the large intestine below, returns to pass the upper entrance of the stomach, ascends through the diaphragm and links the lung; then it runs horizontally from the trachea to the location under the armpit, passes along the inner flank of the upper arm, in front: of the Hand Shaoyin and the Hand Jueyin Channels to reach the inside of the elbow, then it runs along the inner side of the forearm and the lower end of the radius to reach the Cunkou pulse, and then, runs along the thenar eminence to reach the tip of the thumb; its branch starts from the rear of the wrist and runs to the tip of the inner side of the forefinger (Lieque point) and connects with the Hand Yangming Channel of Large Intestine. The disecases stem from Hand Taiyang Channel energy are: distention of the lung, stagnation of the vital energу, rapid breathing, cough and pain in the supraclavicular fossa: when the case is severe, the patient will press his chest with his two hands intersecting. These syndromes are caused by the up-reversing of the channel energy of the arm. The diseases of Hand Taiyin Channel are related to the lung, they are: cough, short of breath, rapid breathing with sound, feeling oppression over the chest, sensation of fullness in the chest, pain in the front of the inner side of the upper arm and hotness in the centre of the palm. When the evil energy is having a surplus, pain in the shoulder and arms, frequent micturition but has reduction of urine will occur. when the healthy energy is deficient, pain and cold in the shoulder and back, short of breath and changing colour of the urine will occur. When treating, apply purging therapy when the syndrome is sthenic, apply invigorating therapy when the syndrome is asthenic, apply swift pricking when it is a heat syndrome, apply retention of the needle when it is a cold syndrome and apply moxibustion when the pulse is deficient and bogging. As to the syndrome which is not sthenic nor asthenic, prick the acupoints of the Hand Taiyin Channel. When the Cunkou pulse is four times as large as the Renying pulse, it is the sthenic syndrome of the Hand Taiyin Channel, when the Cunkou pulse is smaller than the Renying pulse, it is the asthenic syndrome of the Hand Taiyin Channel.

大肠手阳明之脉，起于大指次指之端，循指上廉，出合谷两骨之间，上入两筋之中，循臂上廉，入肘外廉，上腸外前廉，上肩，出髑骨之前廉，上出于柱骨之会上，下入缺盆，络肺，下膈，属大肠;其支者，从缺盆上颈，贯颊，入下齿中，还出挟口，交人中，左之右，右之左，上挟鼻孔。是动则病齿痛颈肿。是主津液所生病者，目黄口干，鼽衄，喉痹，肩前膳痛，大指次指痛不用。气有余则当脉所过者热肿，虚则寒栗不复。为此诸病，盛则泻之，虚则补之，热则疾之，寒则留之，陷下则灸之，不盛不虚，以经取之。盛者人迎大三倍于寸口，虚者人迎反小于寸口也。

"The Hand Yangming Channel of Large Intestine starts from the tip of the forefinger, runs along the upper side of the forefinger (Erjian and Sanjian points), passes the Hegu point in the forked bone between the thumb and the forefinger to reach the cave-in betwen the two tendons on the wrist (Yangxi point), then runs along the upper part of the forearm (Pianli, Wenliu, Xialian and Shanglian points) to reach the outer flank of the upper arm (Zhouliao, Wuli, and Binao points) to reach the shoulder (Jianyu) and the scapula, and then converges with the various Yin channels at the Dazhui point, then, it descends to the supra-clavicular fossa, communicates with the lung, crosses through the diaphragm and links the large intestine; its branch ascends to the neck from the supraclavicular fossa, passes the cheek to reach the seam of the lower teeth, then turns back to make a detour to the upper lip and converges with the symmetrical Hand Yangming Channel of the other side at the nasolabial groove, then the left channel goes to the right and the right channel goes to the left to clip the two sides of the nostrils and connect the Foot Yangming Channel of stomach. The diseases stem from the Hand Yangming Channel are toothache and the swelling of the neck. The diseases of Hand Yangming Channel are related with the body fluid, they are: yellow eyes, dry mouth, running clear nasal mucus or having epitaxis, sore throat, pain in the shoulder and the upper arm. pain of the forefinger which can hardly be used. When the channel energy of Hand Yangming is having a surplus and has sthenic syndrome, heat and swelling on the locations where the channel passes will occur, when the channel energy of Hand Yangming is deficient and has asthenic syndrome, the patient will be shivering with cold, and can hardly to become warm again. When treating, apply purging therapy when the syndrome is sthenic, apply invigorating therapy when the syndrome is asthenic, apply swift pricking when it is a heat-syndrome, apply retention of the needle when it is a cold-syndrome and apply moxibustion when the pulse is deficient and bogging down, As to the syndrome which is not sthenic nor asthenic , prick the Hand Yangming Channel. When the Renying pulse is four times as large as the Cunkou pulse, it is the sthenic syndrome of Hand Yangming Channel, when the Renying pulse is smaller than the Cunkou pulse, it is the asthenic syndrome of the Hand Yangiming Channel.

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