寿夭刚柔/Shou Yao Gang Rou

(On the Relation Between Firmness and Softness of Body and One's Life-span)

黄帝问于少师曰:余闻人之生也，有刚有柔，有弱有强,有短有长，有阴有阳，愿闻其方。少师答曰:阴中有阴[有阴:《甲乙》卷六第六作“有阳”]，阳中有阳[有阳《甲乙》卷六第六作“有阴”]，审知阴阳，刺之有方，得病所始，刺之有理，谨度病端，与时相应，内合于五脏六腑，外合于筋骨皮肤。是故内有阴阳，外亦有阴阳。在内者，五脏为阴，六腑为阳;在外者，筋骨为阴，皮肤为阳。故日病在阴之阴者，刺阴之荥输;病在阳之阳者，刺阳之合;病在阳之阴者，刺阴之经;病在阴之阳者，刺络脉。故日病在阳者命[命:与注本，张注本并作“名”]日风，病在阴者命曰痹，阴阳俱病命曰风痹。病有形而不痛者，阳之类也;无形而痛者，阴之类也。无形而痛者，其阳完而阴伤之也，急治其阴，无攻其阳;有形而不痛者，其阴完而阳伤之也，急治其阳，无攻其阴。阴阳俱动，乍有形[乍有形，乍无形:《甲乙》卷六第六无两“形”字]，乍无形，加以烦心，命日阴胜其阳，此谓不表不里，其形不久。

Yellow Emperor asked Shaoshi: "I am told the human bodies are different in character: some are firm and some are soft; in constitution, some are strong and some are weak; in the type of build, some are tall and some are short; and some are of Yin and some are of Yang; I hope to know the reason." Shaoshi answered: "There is Yin in Yang and there is Yang in Yin, when one knows the law of Yin and Yang and the mutual relation between them, he can treat the disease by pricking properly, know the initial condition of the disease and apply the pricking technique properly. In treating, one should also estimate the corresponding relation between the course of disease and the weather changes of the four seasons conscientiously. In human body, the Yin and Yang conform with the five solid and six hollow organs inside, and conform with the tendon, bone and skin outside, so, in human body, there are Yin and Yang inside and there are also Yin and Yang outside. The five solid organs are Yin and the six hollow organs are Yang inside, the tendon and bone are Yin and the skin is Yang outside. So, when treating the disease of Yin in Yin, it should prick the Xing points on the Yin channel: when treating the disease of Yang in Yang, it should prick the He point of the Yang channel; when treating the disease of Yin in Yang, it should prick the Jing (River) point of the Yin channel: when treating the disease of Yang in Yin, it should prick the collateral points of the Yang channel. This is the fundamental rule of selecting the acupoints for pricking according to the relation between the disease and the internal and external Yin and Yang. The diseases can also be classified into Yin and Yang categories, when the disease is of the Yang channel, it is called wind, when it is of the Yin channel, it is called bi (disease due to blocking of extremities, meridians and viscera by evils), when the disease is in both the Yin and Yang channels, it is called arthralgia due to wind-cvil. When the disease has formal change but the patient has no pain, it belongs to the category of Yang channel, when the disease has no formal change but the patient is painful, it belongs to the category of Yin channel. When there is no formal change but the patient is painful, it shows only the Yin channel is injured, but the Yang is unharmed, so it should treat the acupoints on the Yin channel hastily by pricking, and the Yang channel must not be attacked. When there is formal change but the patient has no pain, it shows only the Yang channel in injured, but the Yin channel is unharmed, it should treat the acupoints on the acupoints on the Yang channel hastily, but the Yin channel must not be attacked. When the superficies and the interiors of both the Yin and Yang are diseased, the formal change appears all of a sudden and missing all of a sudden, and the patient is irritable, it is the so called Yin surpassing Yang and it is a disease of neither superficies nor interior which is hard to be cured. In this case, the physique of the patient can hardly exist long."

黄帝问于伯高曰:余闻形气病之先后，外内之应奈何?伯高答日:风寒伤形，忧恐忿怒伤气。气伤脏，乃病脏;寒伤形，乃应形[应形:“应”误，当作“病”]，风伤筋脉，筋脉乃应[乃应，“应”误，当作“病”]。此形气外内之相应也。

Yellow Emperor asked Bogao:"I am told there are the early or late and interior or exterior corresponding relations between the physique and function and the disease, and what is the reason?" Bogao answered: "When the wind-evil invades from outside, it injures the physique first, the respond is outside: when the melancholy, terror and anger cause the excitation of the spirit, it injures the internal energy first, the respondence is inside, When the energies are not coordinate to violate the harmony of the five viscera, it causes the disease of the five viscera. when the wind-evil injures the physique, the muscular surface and skin will be diseased. When the wind-evil injures the muscle which is between the exterior and the interior, the muscle will be diseased. These are the internal and external relations between the physique and function and the disease.

黄帝曰:刺之奈何?伯高答曰:病九日者，三刺而已。病一月者，十刺而已。多少远近，以此衰之。久痹不去身者，视其血络，尽出其血。黄帝曰:外内之病，难易之治奈何?伯高答曰:形先病而未入脏者，刺之半其日;脏先病而形乃应者，刺之倍其日。此月[月:胡本、统本、藏本，日抄本并作“外”]内难易之应也。

Yellow Emperor asked:"How to determine the course of treating?”Bogao said:"When the disease has lasted for nine days, it can be recovered by pricking three times; when the disease has lasted for a month, it can be recovered by pricking ten times. The number of the lasting days of disease and the remote and recent of the course of disease can all be determined by the progressive standard of pricking once for three lasting days in the course of the disease. In the protracted bi-syndrome of which the evil energy is retaining, it should inspect the superficial venules and remove the extravasated blood as far as possible." Yellow Emperor said: "Since in human body, some diseases are of internal and some are of external, when treat by pricking, some diseases can be cured easily and some can not, how to distinguish them?" Bogao answered: "When the physique is diseased first, and the disease has not yet transmitted into the internal organ, it is a disease of superficies, the times of pricking can be reduced by half; when the internal organ is diseased first and then the physique is also diseased, it shows the disease is in both inside and outside, the times of pricking should be doubled. These are the rules of the corresponding relation in the internal and external disease and the easiness and difficulty in treating the disease by pricking."

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