故天有精，地有形，天有八纪，地有五里(《太素》作“理”，故能为万物之父母。清阳上天，浊阴归地，是故天地之动静，神明之纲纪，故能以生长收藏，终而复始。惟贤人上配天以养头，下象地以养足，中傍人事以养五藏。天气通于肺，地气通于嗌(《太素〉“嗌”作“咽”，风气通「《外台》引《删繁》“通”作“应”于肝，雷气通(《外台》引《删繁》“通”作“动”于心，谷气通「《外台》引《删繁》“通”作“感”于脾，雨气通[《外台》引《删繁》“通”作“润”于肾。六经为川，肠胃为海，九窍为水注之气[《医

说》引无“注之气”三字]。以天地为之阴阳，阳[“阳”应作“人”，王注:“夫人汗泄於皮肤者”，似王所据本原作“人”们之汗，以天地之雨名之;阳之气，以天地之疾风名之。暴气象雷，逆气象阳。故治不法天之纪，不用地之理，则灾害至矣。

“The reason of the heaven and earth can be the parents of all things is that the heaven has its invisible refined energy and the earth has its visible substance. The heaven has eight weather terms(i. e. the Beginning of Spring, the Spring Equinox, the Beginning of Summer. the Summer Solstice, the Beginning of Autumn, the Autumn Equinox, the Beginning of Winter and the Winter Solstice), and the earth has the distribution of five elements to be the guiding principle to breed all things. all the changes of heaven, earth, Yin and Yang are having their regular pattern, all things adhere to the regular law of birth, growth, harvesting and hiding.

"It is only the wise men can follow the law of light lucid energy of heaven to nourish his head which is above, and learn from the phenomenen of earth turbid energy to nourish his feet which is below, in the middle, he can regulate his eating and drinking, suits his motions and mind to nourish his five viscera.

“The lung situates on the upper part of the body and takes charge of respiration, so the heaven energy comunicates with the lung, the larygopharynx is the exit of the stomach which receives the cereals, so the earth energy communicates with the larygopharynx, As the wind energy produces the liver wood, so the wind energy corresponds with the liver; as the heart

associates with the fire, and the thunder also associates with the fire, since like draws to like. so the thunder energy plays a part in the heart; the spleen takes charge of transporting and digesting the cereals, so, the energy of essential substance from cereal communicates with the spleen; the kidney is a solid organ of water, so the rain energy can moisten the kidney.

“The six channels of a man are like rivers in circulating, and the stomach and intestine which hold the cereals are like sea that contains everything. The refined energy of water connects the upper orifices, and the turbid energy of water connects the lower orifices. Since the tear, nasal mucus, saliva, urine and excrement all belong to the water, so the orifices are like the water flow.

“Take Yin and Yang of heaven and earth to analogize the Yin and Yang of a human body: when the Yin and Yang of heaven and earth combine, it becomes rain; when the vital energy and blood of a man merge, it causes sweating, so the sweat of man’ is named as rain. The Yang energy circulates all through the body, and the wind energy spreads all over the

land, so the ‘energy of man’ is named as the wind of heaven and earth. The violent-tempered energy of a man is like the burst of thunder, and the reversed energy of a man resembles the ascending of Yang.

“The life activity of a man has a close bearing with the heaven energy. When in treating a disease, one must follow the law and discipline of heaven and earth, otherwise, the patient's life activity would be damaged, and calamity will occur immediately.

故邪风之至，疾如风雨，故善(《千金》“治”下有“病”字]治者治皮毛，其次治肌肤，其次治筋脉，其次治六府，其次治五藏。治(《千金》“治”作“至”五藏者，半死半生[《千金》无“半生”二字)也。故天之邪气，感则害人五藏;水谷之寒热，感则害于六府; 地之湿气，感则害皮肉筋脉。

“The arrival of evil-wind is like a sudden storm or tempest. When the evil-wind invades, it invades the skin and hair first, so it is important for a keen physician to treat at the begining of the invasion of skin and hair. If the evil-wind is not treated in time, it will further invade the muscle, so, it is the muscle that should be treated next. If the muscle is not treated in time, the wind-evil will further invade the tendons and the channels, so next, the tendons and channels should be treated. If the tendons and channels are not treated in time again. the wind-evil will further invade the five viscera, so next, the viscera should be treated. But, by the time when treating the wind-evil in the five viscera, it is hard to anticipate the curative effect, as the surviving rate of the patient is only 50%.

“Therefore, the evil energy from heaven often invades the human body from the exterior first, and then to the interior, shallowly first, then to the depth, and finally to the five solid organs. When the food or drink of improper temperature is taken into the stomach, it may cause disease of stomach and intestine, so the food can hurt the six hollow organs. The wet-

evil retained in the body after invasion will make the Wei-energy and Ying-energy fail to operate properly and will damage the skin, muscle, tendon and channel.

故善用针者，从阴引阳，从阳引阴，以右治左，以左治右，以我知彼，以表知里，以观过与不及之理，见微得(周本“得”作“则”)过，用之不殆。

“So, he who is good at the acupuncture treatment must know the principle of Yin and Yang. As the Yin and Yang, vital energy and blood, channels and collaterals are linking each other, the evil that invades Yang can occur in Yin as well, so in acupuncture treatment, the evil in Yang can be drawn through Yin; the evil that invades Yin can occur in Yang as well, so the evil in Yin can be drawn through Yang also. By the same reason, disease on the left side can be treated from the right, and vice versa. Besides, in investigating a syndrome, the interior-syndrome can also be inferred through the superficies-syndrome. What is more important is to have the ability to analyse the asthenia and sthenia, heathy and evil energies

of Yin and Yang and determine the location of the disease from the symptoms occurred.

When a physician can diagnosis properly according to the principles of Yin and Yang, to know whether the disease is severe or slight,the patient will be unlikely to be left into danger due to misdiagnosis.

善诊者，察色按脉，先别阴阳。审清浊，而知部分;视喘息，听音声，而知[《甲乙》“知”下有“病”字]所苦;观权衡规矩，而知病所主(《甲乙》“主”作“生”);按尺寸，观浮沉滑涩，而知病所生(《类说》引“生”作“在”)。以治无过，以诊则不失矣。

"He who is good at diagnosis always observes the complexion of the patient and palpates the pulse first, to distinguish whether the disease belongs to Yang or Yin (such as the red complexion represents Yang, white complexion represents Yin, floating pulse shows Yang and deep pulse shows Yin, etc); infer in which channel the disease exists by observing the

colour and the lucid or turbid complexion of the patient (such as the lucid is Yang, the turbid is Yin, the disease can be inferred from the five colours of the five parts of the face); distinguish to which solid organ the disease associates with from the pulse condition of the various seasons (such as spring determines the condition of liver, summer determines the condition of the heart, etc. ); observe the condition of dyspnea and listen to the sound to infer the pain of the patient ; feel the Chi and Cun pulse condition of the patient to know whether the disease is in the superficies or in the interior, in Yin or in Yang according to the floating, deep, slippery, choppy pulse conditions and treat the disease accordingly. In this way, the diagnosis may not be mistaken.

故曰:病之始起也，可刺而已;其盛，可待衰而已。故因其轻而扬之，因其重而减之，因其衰而彰之。形不足者，温之以气[以气以味;柯校本“以气”作“以味，“以味”作“以气”按柯校“气味两字互易”);精不足者，补之以味(应作“气”]。其高者，因而越之;其下者，引而竭之;中满者，泻之于内;其有邪者，渍形(《太素》作“清”以为汗;其在皮者，汗而发之，其僳悍者，按而收之;其实者，散而写之。审其阴阳，以别柔刚，阳病治阴，阴病治阳。定其血气，各守其乡，血实宜决之，气虚宜掣引之。

"So, at the beginning, when the evil is still at the superficies, the disease can be cured by the pricking of needle for purging the evil; if the evil is overabundant, the needle should be retained after pricking to allow the evil-energy to decline automatically. 

"When the disease is not at all serious and is on the superficies, it can be expelled by diaphoretic agent: when the disease is serious withinternal sthenia, it can be discharged by excrement with purgative agent; when the disease is caused by deficiency of vital energy and blood, the vital energy and blood can be resumed by tonic therapy.

"As the physique is Yang, and the essence is Yin, the energy is Yang and the taste is Yin, the deficiency of the physique is a sign of the decline of Yang, it should be warmed with heavy taste, deficiency of essence shows the decline of Yin, it should be replenished by qifen drugs.

"When the evil is above the diaphram, emetic therapy can be used; when the evil is in the abdomen, purgation therapy can be used; when there is an abdominal flatulence, therapy of promoting digestion can be used.

"If the invasion of evil is deeper, the evil can be dispersed through sweat by hot-bithing: when the evil is on the skin and hair, it can be dispersed by diaphoresis; if the disease and the way of treatment from the rigid or soft phenomenon.

"To the case of overabundance of Yang and Yin deficiency, Yin should be nourished, to the case of overabundance of Yin and Yang-deficiency, Yang should be strengthened, so that the energies of Yin and Yang may be balanced.

"Calm the blood and vital energy, so that they may remain in their own position without moving rashly.

"Sthenia means the sthenia of evil, and deficiency means the deficiency of healthy energy. When the blood is sthenic, the evil should be discharged by pricking when out letting the blood; deficiency of vital energy is the asthenia of channels and collaterals, so the energy should be drawn from the channel which is not deficient, to replenish the deficiency."

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