1)自然界有各种不同的元素。

There are different elements in nature.

2) 机关、工厂和学校都需要水。

Water is needed in offices，factories and schools.

3) 欧姆定律说明：电路中的电流等于外加电压除以电阻。

It is stated in Ohm's law that the current flowing in a circuit is equal to the applied voltage divided by the resistance.

2. 汉语主语转换成英浯表示“对象或范围”的状语。

例如：

1) 我们大家都知道，电子计算机在科学和技术方面起着重要的作用。

It is known to all of us that electronic computers play an important part in science and technology.

2) 仪表指针发生了什么情况?

What has happened to the needle of the meter.

3) 一台机器的速度比率是根据设计要求制定的，而且每台机器具有固定的值。

The V. R. of a machine depends on its design and has a fixed value for each machine.

3. 汉语主语转换成英语的行为方式状语。例如：

1) 光的反射和折射是什么意思?

What is meant by reflection and refraction of light?

2) 两件东西在一起摩擦能产生热。

Heat can be made by rubbing two things togther.

3) 在温度为绝对零度时，任何一种方法都不会产生导电现象。

At absolute zero temperature there is no conduction by either method.

4. 汉语主语转换成英语的原因状语或目的状语。例如：

1) 磨刀不当容易损坏刀具。

Tools can be easily ruined by incorrect grinding.

2) 当温度较高时，电子运动和空穴运动都会产生小电流，而这是由外加电场来决定的。

At a higher temperature smalt currents will fow by both electron and hole movement which depends on the applied electric field.