建立完善男女平等的婚姻家庭制度。1950年颁布实施婚姻法，从根本上废除了封建婚姻制度对妇女的歧视和压迫，妇女的婚姻家庭生活发生了历史性变革。1954年第一部宪法明确规定妇女与男子在家庭生活方面享有平等的权利，婚姻、家庭、母亲和儿童受国家的保护。历次宪法修改都注重保障妇女平等的婚姻家庭权益。婚姻法修改重申实行男女平等的婚姻制度，倡导维护平等、和睦、文明的婚姻家庭关系，增加禁止实施家庭暴力、家务劳动补偿权和离婚损害赔偿等保障妇女权益的条款。涉及婚姻家庭关系的相关法律法规都强调对妇女权益的保护。2015年出台反家庭暴力法，规定禁止任何形式的家庭暴力，妇女在家庭中的人身权利进一步得到保障。2017年颁布民法总则并启动民法典编纂工作，重视进一步完善男女平等的婚姻家庭制度。2017年，全国妇联、中央综治办、最高人民法院等6部门出台《关于做好婚姻家庭纠纷预防化解工作的意见》，为群众化解婚姻家庭纠纷提供多元、便捷的服务。2018年最高人民法院出台司法解释，破解夫妻共同债务认定标准难题。
Establishing a marriage and family system to improve the equality between men and women. The enactment of the New Marriage Law in 1950 fundamentally abolished the discrimination and oppression against women in the feudal marriage system, and as a result women’s marriage and family life have undergone historical changes. The first 1954 Constitution of the People’s Republic of China clearly prescribed that women and men have equal rights in family life, and that marriage, family, mothers and children are protected by the state. All previous constitutional amendments have focused on protecting women’s equal rights to marriage and family. The amendment of the Marriage Law reaffirmed the implementation of a marriage system featuring the equality between men and women, advocated maintaining equal, harmonious and civilized marriage and family relations, and added provisions prohibiting domestic violence and supporting compensation for housework and divorce damages. Relevant laws and regulations concerning marriage and family relations emphasize the protection of women's rights. In 2015, the Anti-Domestic Violence Law was enacted, which prohibits any form of domestic violence and protects women’s personal rights in family. In 2017, the General Principles of the Civil Law was promulgated and the compilation of the Civil Code was initiated, focusing on further improving the marriage and family system featuring the equality between men and women. In 2017, six government entities, including the All-China Women’s Federation, the Central Public Security Comprehensive Management Commission, and the Supreme People's Court, issued the “Opinions on Preventing and Resolving Marriage and Family Disputes” to provide diverse and convenient services for the public to resolve marriage and family disputes. In 2018, the Supreme People’s Court issued a judicial interpretation to solve the thorny problem concerning the identification standard of the joint debts of husband and wife.
建立支持家庭和妇女发展的政策体系。新中国成立后，相继出台涉及婚姻、生育、托幼、养老等与家庭密切相关的政策，机关单位、工矿企业、街道、公社等建立哺乳室、托儿所、幼儿园，解放妇女劳动力，支持妇女广泛参加社会劳动。改革开放40多年来，中国将家庭建设纳入国家经济社会发展总体规划。国家“十二五”规划纲要和国家“十三五”规划纲要都对家庭建设提出明确要求，强调提高家庭发展能力，重视家庭在支撑社会发展、分担社会责任中的作用。中国妇女发展纲要强调男女共担家庭责任，发展面向家庭的公共服务，为夫妻双方兼顾工作和家庭创造条件。2010年印发《国务院办公厅关于发展家庭服务业的指导意见》，全国妇联与人力资源社会保障部共同实施巾帼家政服务培训专项工程，帮助更多夫妻更好地兼顾工作与家庭。持续开展关爱女孩行动，深入推进“婚育新风进万家”活动。2015年，中共中央、国务院印发《关于实施全面两孩政策改革完善计划生育服务管理的决定》，提出构建家庭发展支持体系，建立完善包括生育支持、幼儿养育、老人赡养等在内的家庭发展政策，广泛开展创建幸福家庭活动和新家庭计划，增强家庭抚幼和养老功能，支持女性生育后重返工作岗位，鼓励用人单位制定有利于职工平衡工作与家庭的措施，促进社会性别平等。2019年，国务院办公厅发布《关于促进3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务发展的指导意见》，提出建立健全婴幼儿照护服务的政策法规体系和标准规范体系，为家庭育儿提供政策支持。
Establishing a policy system to support family and women’s development. After New China was founded, policies closely associated with family were issued, including those related to marriage, maternity, child care, and elderly care. Government entities, industrial and mining enterprises, residential districts, and communes established nursing rooms, nurseries, kindergartens, which liberated women’s labor and supported women’s broad participation in social labor. For more than 40 years since the reform and opening up policy was adopted, China has incorporated family building into the overall plan for national economic and social development. The 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015) and the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020) outlined clear requirements for family building, emphasized the improvement of family development ability, and attached importance to the role of family in supporting social development and sharing social responsibility. The Program for the Development of Chinese Women (2011-2020) emphasized shared family responsibilities of men and women, development of family-oriented public services, and creation of conditions for both husband and wife to strike a balance between work and family. In 2010, the “Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on the Development of Family Service Industry” was issued. The All-China Women's Federation and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security jointly implemented a special project for training women on family services to help more couples better balance work and family. Further efforts were made to continue carrying out the campaign of caring girls and deeply promoting the activities of “Bringing a New Marital Style into Thousands of Families”. In 2015, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the “Decision on Implementing a Comprehensive Two-Child Policy Reform and Perfecting Family Planning Service Management” which proposed establishing a family development support system, establishing complete family development policies, including birth support, child rearing, and elderly support. Measures were taken to extensively develop happy family activities and new family plans, strengthen the role of family in child care and elderly care, support women in returning to work after delivery, encourage employers to devise measures that help employees balance work and family, and promote gender equality in society. In 2019, General Office of the State Council issued the “Guiding Opinions on Improving Care Services for Infants Under 3 Years Old,” proposing the establishment of a sound policy and regulation system and a standardized system for infant and child care services, and providing policy support for family parenting.
统筹协调社会资源支持服务家庭教育。中国高度重视家庭教育工作。1996年以来，全国妇联、教育部、中央文明办等部门连续发布了五轮家庭教育工作规划。自2010年起，印发《全国家庭教育指导大纲》，出台《关于加强家庭教育工作的指导意见》，在科学指导家庭教育实践中发挥重要作用。家庭教育立法纳入第十三届全国人大常委会立法规划，部分地区出台了家庭教育促进条例。2018年召开全国教育大会，强调全社会要担负起青少年成长成才的责任，发挥家庭作为人生第一所学校、帮助扣好人生第一粒扣子的重要作用，坚持把立德树人作为家庭教育的根本任务，培养孩子的好思想、好品行、好习惯。目前，家庭教育指导服务的专业化、网络化、精细化水平不断提升，指导服务阵地多元化拓展。截至2017年底，共建立各类家长学校42.6万个、培训7086万人次，创办网上家长学校1.7万个、短信微信服务平台6.5万个。越来越多的城乡家庭享受到普惠性、公益性的家庭教育指导服务。
Coordinating social resources to support family education service. China attaches great importance to family education. Since 1996, the All-China Women’s Federation, the Ministry of Education, the Central Commission for Guiding Cultural and Ethical Progress and other departments have successively issued five rounds of family education work plans. Since 2010, the “Guiding Outline of National Family Education” and the “Guiding Opinions on Strengthening Family Education Work” were issued, which have played an important role in guiding family education practice in a scientific manner. Family education legislation was incorporated into the legislative plan of the Standing Committee of the 13th NPC, and in some regions regulations on promoting family education were issued. In 2018, the National Education Conference was held, emphasizing the responsibility of the whole society for boosting the healthy growth of the young, and the important role of family, as the first school in life, in helping fasten the first button of life, persisting in the fundamental task of strengthening moral education and cultivating people in family education, and fostering children’s good thinking, good conduct, and good habits. At present, the level of specialization, networking and refinement of family education guidance services has been continuously improved, while the guidance service areas have been diversified. By the end of 2017, a total of 426,000 parent schools were established, 70.86 million training sessions were launched, and 17,000 online parent schools and 65,000 SMS and WeChat service platforms were established. More and more urban and rural families enjoy inclusive and public welfare family education guidance services.
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