妇女医疗保障实现制度全覆盖。新中国成立之初，建立了医疗保障制度，机关事业单位和企业分别实行公费医疗和劳保医疗，农村依托集体经济建立农村合作医疗，广大妇女享有不同程度的基本医疗保障。改革开放40多年来，中国逐步建立健全职工基本医疗保险制度、新型农村合作医疗和城镇居民基本医疗保险制度，城乡妇女基本医疗保障实现制度全覆盖。党的十八大以来，多层次的医疗保障体系进一步完善，2016年整合城乡居民医疗保险，增强制度的公平性，完善城乡医疗救助和补充医疗保险制度，使更多妇女享有更公平的医疗保障。2018年，据不完全统计，全国基本医疗保险女性参保人数约为5.4亿。
The medical security system for women is fully in place. When New China was founded, a medical security system was established, with government units and public institutions implementing free medical care, enterprises carrying out labor-insurance medical care, and rural areas launching cooperative medical care relying on the collective economy. Women enjoyed different levels of basic medical security. Over the past four decades since the launch of reform and opening up, China has gradually established and improved a basic medical insurance system for workers, a new rural cooperative medical care system and a basic medical insurance system for urban residents. A basic medical insurance system for urban and rural women has been fully implemented. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the multi-level medical security system has been further improved. In 2016, the medical insurance system for urban and rural residents was consolidated and the fairness of the system was enhanced. The urban and rural medical assistance and supplementary medical insurance system were improved, allowing more women to enjoy equitable medical security. According to incomplete statistics, the number of women under basic health insurance around the country in 2018 was approximately 540 million.
妇女养老保障水平显著提高。中国建立并不断完善城镇职工养老保险制度，改革开放后，加快建立城镇居民养老保险制度，大力推进新型农村社会养老保险，妇女参保人数和待遇水平实现“从无到有、从少到多、从低到高”的可喜变化。党的十八大以来，养老保障制度更加完善，2014年新型农村养老保险和城镇居民社会养老保险合并为城乡居民基本养老保险，使城乡未就业妇女公平享有基本养老保障。2017年，全国近3.8亿妇女参加了基本养老保险。截至2018年底，全国普遍建立了经济困难的高龄、失能等老年人补贴制度，老年妇女生活得到基本保障。
The level of old-age security for women has been significantly improved. China has established and continuously improved an endowment insurance system for the urban working group. Since the launch of reform and opening up, China has accelerated the construction of endowment insurance system for non-working urban residents and vigorously promoted a new social endowment insurance system for rural residents. The number of insured women and the level of their treatment have increased step by step. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the old-age insurance system has been further improved. In 2014, the new social endowment social security system for rural residents and the social endowment insurance system for non-working urban residents were unified into the basic endowment insurance system for rural and non-working urban residents, making it possible for urban and rural unemployed women to enjoy basic old-age security on an equal footing. In 2017, nearly 380 million women around the country participated in basic old-age insurance. By the end of 2018, a subsidy system for the elderly with financial difficulties resulting from aging and disability was generally established throughout the country. Elderly women’s living standards are basically guaranteed.
妇女参加失业保险和工伤保险的人数不断增加。中国高度重视劳动者的就业和保险权益，保障职工的就业、安全与健康。先后实行失业救济制度、国有企业待业保险制度、下岗职工基本生活保障制度以及现行的失业保险制度，在就业领域处于相对弱势的妇女得到基本保障。2017年，全国参加失业保险的女性7950万，比2005年增加3924万；参加工伤保险的女性8594万，比2005年增加5581万。
The number of women participating in unemployment insurance and workers' compensation insurance has been increasing. China attaches great importance to the employment and insurance rights and interests of workers to ensure their employment, safety and health. China has implemented the unemployment relief system, the unemployment insurance system in state-owned enterprises, the basic living security system for laid-off workers, and the current unemployment insurance system, generally protecting women who are relatively disadvantaged in employment. In 2017, 79.5 million women around the nation participated in unemployment insurance, and the number of women participating in the work-related injury insurance stood at 85.94 million, an increase of 39.24 million and 55.81 million over 2005, respectively.
国家社会救助制度惠及困难妇女。中国建立并逐步完善社会救助制度体系，为困难妇女提供基本生活保障。从计划经济时期的自然灾害救助、城市单位保障和农村集体救助、农村五保供养，到20世纪90年代逐步建立的最低生活保障、特困人员救助供养、临时救助制度等，妇女都能平等享受。党的十八大以来，社会救助体系逐步完善，有效帮助困难妇女共享改革发展成果。截至2018年底，全国城市低保对象中女性占44.8%，农村低保对象中女性占42.0%。
The national social assistance system benefits women in need. China has established and gradually improved a social assistance system to provide basic living security for women in need. From natural disaster relief, urban unit security, rural collective assistance and rural “Five Guarantees” in the planned economy period to the minimum living security, relief support for the extremely poor and the temporary assistance system established in the 1990s, women can enjoy equal rights. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the social assistance system has been gradually improved, effectively enabling women in need to share the fruits of reform and development. By the end of 2018, women accounted for 44.8% of the people who have subsistence allowance in urban areas and 42.0% of those in rural areas.
八、妇女在家庭文明建设中发挥独特作用
家庭是社会的细胞。家庭和睦则社会安定，家庭幸福则社会祥和，家庭文明则社会文明。中国始终高度重视家庭建设，注重保障妇女婚姻家庭权利，男女平等的婚姻家庭关系日益巩固。党的十八大以来，更加注重家庭、注重家教、注重家风，更加注重发挥妇女在家庭生活中的独特作用，推动社会主义核心价值观在家庭落地生根，形成爱国爱家、相亲相爱、向上向善、共建共享的社会主义家庭文明新风尚。
VIII. Women Play Unique Role in Cultivation of Family Virtues
Families are the cells of society. Family harmony is good for social stability, family happiness creates social harmony, and family virtues bring about social civilization. China has always attached great importance to family building, focused on protecting women’s rights to marriage and family, and increasingly consolidated the equality between men and women in marriage and family relations. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, it has paid more attention to family, family education, family tradition, and the unique role of women in family life, promoting the core socialist values to take root in families, and forming a new style of socialist family virtues featuring patriotism, family love, mutual love and care, aspiration for the pursuit of excellence and moral integrity, and joint building and sharing.
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