饮水安全得到有效保障。实施全国重要饮用水水源地达标建设工程。2016年将600余个供水人口20万以上地表水饮用水水源地及年供水量2000万立方米以上地下水饮用水水源地全部纳入《全国重要饮用水水源地名录》管理，每年开展安全状况评估。2017年评估结果显示，99.5%的水源地供水保证率合格，90.9%的水源地水质合格。实施农村饮水安全工程建设。2005年至2015年，全国累计解决5.2亿农村居民和4700多万农村学校师生的饮水安全问题。2016年以来，实施农村饮水安全巩固提升工程，截至2017年，巩固提升受益人口9509万人，其中，1169万贫困人口的饮水安全问题得到解决，全国农村集中供水率和农村自来水普及率分别达到85%和80%。
Safer drinking water. National standards for major drinking water sources have been implemented. In 2016 more than 600 surface water sources each supplying drinking water for 200,000 people or more, and all ground water sources each supplying 20 million or more cubic meters of drinking water annually were incorporated into the Catalogue of China’s Major Drinking Water Sources, subject to annual quality assessment. The 2017 assessment results show that 99.5 percent of the drinking water sources met the water supply reliability standard, and 90.9 percent met the water quality standard.
A program was launched in 2005 to ensure drinking water safety in rural areas. By the end of 2015 a total of 520 million rural residents and 47 million teachers and students in rural areas had gained access to safe drinking water. Since 2016 the program has been upgraded to reinforce rural drinking water safety. By the end of 2017 the upgrade had benefitted 95.09 million rural residents, among whom 11.69 million were people living below the poverty line. Centralized water supply now covers 85 percent of the rural population and 80 percent of rural people have access to tap water.
基本居住条件明显改善。改革开放40年来，人民居住条件显著改善。2017年，城镇居民、农村居民人均住房建筑面积分别为36.9、46.7平方米，比1978年分别增加30.2、38.6平方米。国家高度重视解决困难家庭的住房问题。2008年至2017年，全国城镇保障性安居工程累计开工建设约6400万套，通过棚户区改造帮助约1亿人“出棚进楼”；2017年底，3500多万困难群众住进公租房，累计2000多万困难群众领取公租房租赁补贴。中共十八大以来，加大对农村危房改造的支持力度，累计安排1625亿元补助资金、支持1659万贫困农户改造危房，帮助数千万贫困农民告别原来的破旧泥草房、土坯房、树皮房等危房，住上基本安全房。
Improved housing conditions. The past 40 years have witnessed a remarkable improvement in housing conditions. In 2017 the per capita floor space of urban residents was 36.9 sq m, up from 6.7 sq m in 1978, and that of rural residents was 46.7 sq m, up from 8.1 sq m in 1978. The state has made it a priority to resolve housing problems for poor families. From 2008 to 2017 government subsidies were used to build 64 million housing units in urban areas, and redevelopment of run-down areas helped 100 million people move from sub-standard accommodation to new apartments. By the end of 2017 more than 35 million people in straitened circumstances had moved into public rental housing units, and more than 20 million poor people had received public rental subsidies. Since the 18th CPC National Congress the state has increased funding for dilapidated rural housing renovation, allocating RMB162.5 billion in subsidies for renovating the sub-standard housing of 16.59 million rural households, and helping tens of millions of rural households move into proper accommodation from dilapidated houses built of such materials as beaten earth, and timber and bark.
人民出行更加便利安全。40年来，中国交通网络日益完善，有力支撑了经济社会发展，保障人民出行便利安全。截至2017年，全国铁路营业里程达12.7万公里，比1978年增长1.5倍，其中高速铁路达2.5万公里，占世界高铁总量60%以上，高速铁路与其他铁路共同构成的快速客运网基本覆盖全国省会；全国公路总里程达477万公里，比1978年增长4.4倍，其中高速公路通车里程达13.6万公里，公路网密度为49.72公里/百平方公里，是改革开放初期的5.4倍，实现“县县通公路”；全国乡镇和建制村通公路率分别达99.99%和99.98%，农村出行条件持续改善。2001年以来，实施危桥改造、公路安全生命防护和干线公路灾害防治三项工程，共改造乡道及以上公路危桥3.9万座，完成66万公里高风险段整治，改造地质灾害易发路段3.1万公里，使出行安全更有保障。完成8440个空白乡镇邮政局所补建，全国总体实现“乡乡设所，村村通邮”。快递乡镇网点覆盖率超过87%，搭建了“工业品下乡、农特产品进城”的双向大通道。
More convenient and safer public transport. Over the past 40 years China’s steadily-improving public transport network has provided stronger support for the country’s economic and social development, and greater convenience and safety to the public. By the end of 2017 China’s rail network had grown to 127,000 kilometers, up by 150 percent from 1978, and high-speed rail had reached 25,000 kilometers, accounting for more than 60 percent of the world’s total. The high-speed and other railway lines form an extensive passenger transport network covering all provincial capitals in the country. By the end of 2017 China’s road network had increased to 4.77 million kilometers, up by 440 percent from 1978, including 136,000 kilometers of expressways. Road density had grown more than fivefold from the beginning of reform and opening up to 49.72 km/100 sq km. Every county in China now has access to roads. Rural transport has seen continuous improvement, with roads connecting 99.99 percent of towns and townships and 99.98 percent of administrative villages. Since 2001 programs have been carried out to renovate dangerous bridges, and reinforce road safety, the protection of the public, and road disaster prevention. Through these programs, 39,000 bridges on roads at township level and above, 660,000 kilometers of high-risk roads, and 31,000 kilometers of disaster-prone roads have been renovated to better safeguard public transport safety.
A total of 8,440 new post offices have been built in towns and townships, with the result that every township-level unit has a post office and every village has access to postal services. Express delivery outlets cover 87 percent of towns and townships, establishing a two-way channel that facilitates the transport of manufactured products to rural areas and agricultural products to the cities.
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