工作权得到有效保障。中国把促进就业放在经济社会发展的优先位置，坚持就业优先战略和更加积极的就业政策，努力实现更高质量和更充分就业。伴随着经济体制改革，劳动就业制度改革不断深化，逐步形成了适应社会主义市场经济要求的就业体制机制。1978年至2017年，中国就业人员从40152万人增至77640万人，年均增长961万人，超过总人口增速。城镇新增就业自2003年建立统计制度以来，年均实现新增就业人数1178万人，城镇登记失业率长期处于低位，城镇调查失业率低于世界平均水平。城镇单位在岗职工年平均工资从1978年的615元增长到2017年的76121元，扣除物价因素，年均增长7.7%。劳动者劳动报酬权、休息休假权、职业安全卫生保护权、女性劳动者特殊劳动保护权、参与企业民主管理等各项权利得到依法保障。全面实施劳动合同制度，稳妥推行集体协商和集体合同制度，建设国家协调劳动关系三方机制，建立健全劳动保障监察制度和劳动人事争议处理制度，切实维护劳动者合法权益。2017年，企业职工劳动合同签订率达到90%。加快构建安全生产预防控制体系，有力保障劳动者工作生产安全。
Effective protection of the right to work. China highlights employment in its economic and social development, advocating a jobs-first strategy and a more proactive employment policy to promote higher-quality jobs and maximum employment. As the economic structure is upgraded, reform of the employment system deepens, gradually putting in place an employment mechanism adapted to the socialist market economy. From 1978 to 2017, China’s employed population increased from 401.52 million to 776.4 million. The average annual growth of 9.61 million is faster than total population growth. Since 2003, when a complete statistical system was put in place, the annual increase of new jobs in urban areas has been 11.78 million, and the registered urban unemployment rate has been low over many years, with the surveyed unemployment rate lower than the world average.
The average yearly income of urban employees rose from RMB615 in 1978 to RMB76,121 in 2017, an annual increase of 7.7 percent in real terms. The right of remuneration for labor, right to rest and leisure, right to occupational safety and health, special right of women workers and the right to participate in the democratic management of businesses are protected by law. The labor contract mechanism, the collective contract mechanism, and collective consultation are all being implemented. A government-trade union-enterprise tripartite coordination mechanism, a labor security supervision mechanism, and a labor dispute settlement mechanism have all been set up to protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers. In 2017, 90 percent of enterprise employees had signed labor contracts. A workplace safety and accident prevention and control system to protect laborers is being implemented and constantly improved.
社会保障权享有日益充分。中国建成了世界上规模最大、覆盖人口最多的社会保障体系，拉动世界社保覆盖率提高11个百分点。截至2018年6月，基本养老保险、失业保险、工伤保险参保人数分别达到9.25亿、1.91亿、2.3亿，包括城镇职工基本医疗保险、新型农村合作医疗保险和城镇居民基本医疗保险在内的基本医疗保险覆盖人口超过13亿；社会保障卡持卡人数达11.5亿人，覆盖全国82.81%人口。中国根据经济社会发展水平等因素，稳步提高各项社会保障水平。自2005年起，连续14年提高企业退休人员基本养老金水平。城乡居民基本医保人均财政补助标准由2012年的240元提高到2018年的490元。借助互联网、大数据等信息技术，不断提高社会保障领域公共服务能力。2016年，国家异地就医结算系统正式上线，实现跨省异地就医持社会保障卡即时结算。
Extended protection of the right to social security. China has built the largest-scale social security system covering the largest population of the world, raising the world social security coverage rate by 11 percentage points. By June 2018, 925 million people had been covered by basic endowment insurance, 191 million by unemployment insurance, and 230 million by work-related injury insurance. The basic medical insurance system providing basic medical insurance for urban workers, basic medical insurance for urban residents, and new-type rural cooperative medical insurance for rural population covers more than 1.3 billion people. A total of 1.15 billion people hold social security cards, representing 82.81 percent of the population.
China is comprehensively improving its social security system based on its economic and social development. It has raised the basic pension of company retirees every year since 2005. Per capita government subsidies for basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents rose from RMB240 in 2012 to RMB490 in 2018. China is improving its capability in offering social security services via information technology such as internet and big data. In 2016, a system was officially launched to provide for real-time settlement of medical expenses for treatment incurred outside the province where the patient resides through the social security card.
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