受教育权保障水平显著提升。中国大力实施教育优先发展战略，加快推进教育现代化，切实保障公民平等受教育的权利。国家财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值以不低于4%为目标，2012年至2017年，全国教育经费总投入累计接近21万亿元。国民受教育程度大幅提升，15岁及以上人口平均受教育年限由1982年的5.3年提高到2017年的9.6年，劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限达10.5年。学前教育快速发展。2017年，全国幼儿园数量达25.5万所，比1978年增长55.5%，学前三年毛入园率达79.6%。颁布修订义务教育法，实行九年制义务教育。2017年，全国共有义务教育学校21.9万所，在校生1.45亿人，小学学龄儿童净入学率达99.91%，初中阶段毛入学率达103.5%，九年义务教育巩固率为93.8%，义务教育普及程度已达到世界高收入国家的平均水平。高中阶段教育基本普及。2017年，全国共有高中阶段教育学校2.46万所，在校学生3971万人，比1978年增加2167万人；初中毕业生升学率达94.9%，比1978年提高54个百分点；高中阶段毛入学率达88.3%，已超过世界中高收入国家86.7%的平均水平。高等教育蓬勃发展。2017年，全国共有高校2913所，在校生规模达3779万人，毛入学率达45.7%。建成世界最大规模的职业教育体系，为普及高中阶段教育和推动高等教育大众化作出了重要贡献。
Marked improvement in the protection of the right to education. China has made great efforts in implementing the education-first strategy to modernize education and guarantee equal access to education for all. Government spending on education is targeted to be no lower than 4 percent of GDP. From 2012 to 2017, national expenditure on education totaled close to RMB21 trillion. The level of national education has significantly improved: The average years of schooling for those aged 15 and over rose from 5.3 in 1982 to 9.6 in 2017; the figure for the working-age population reached 10.5.
Rapid progress has been made in preschool education. In 2017, the total number of kindergartens stood at 255,000, an increase of 55.5 percent over 1978, with the gross enrollment rate reaching 79.6 percent. A Compulsory Education Law was formulated and then revised to extend the enforcement of nine-year compulsory education. In 2017, there were 219,000 public schools for compulsory education, accommodating 145 million students. The net enrollment rate of primary school-age children was 99.91 percent, the gross enrollment rate of middle school-age population was 103.5 percent, and the completion rate of compulsory education was 93.8 percent. The availability of compulsory education has reached the average level of high-income countries. Availability of senior secondary education in China is now basically universal. In 2017, there were 24,600 senior high schools nationwide, with a total of 39.71 million students on campus, an increase of 21.67 million over 1978. The rate of students entering high school was 94.9 percent, up 54 percentage points from 1978, and the gross enrollment rate of senior high school-age population was 88.3 percent, higher than the average level of mid- and high-income countries (86.7 percent). Higher education is developing vigorously. In 2017, there were 2,913 universities across the country, with 37.79 million students on campus, representing a gross enrollment rate of 45.7 percent of college-age population. A mass vocational education system has been built, contributing significantly to the popularity of high school education and higher education.
文化权保障充分有效。全国文化事业费投入持续快速增长，由1978年的4.44亿元增至2017年的855.80亿元，增长192.7倍，年均增长14.4%。建立国家基本公共文化服务标准制度，制定《国家基本公共文化服务指导标准（2015－2020年）》。发展公共文化设施，实施免费开放。2017年，全国共有公共图书馆3166个，每万人拥有公共图书馆面积为109平方米，是1978年的12.1倍；公共图书馆共藏书9.7亿册，总流通人次7.45亿次，分别比1979年增长438.9%、856.7%；博物馆4721个，比1978年增长12.5倍；博物馆收藏文物3662.3万件（套），参观人次达9.7亿。推进基本公共文化服务均等化。截至2017年，全国已建成文化馆（站）44521个、村（社区）综合性文化服务中心340560个。创新公共文化服务方式，数字文化服务能力快速提升。2017年，公共图书馆电子图书达10.3亿册，计算机22.1万台，其中供读者使用的电子阅览终端14.43万台；截至2017年，广播、电视节目综合人口覆盖率分别达99.81%和99.07%；全国文化信息资源共享工程和数字图书馆推广计划资源总量近700TB。制定《全民科学素质行动计划纲要（2006－2010－2020年）》《中国公民科学素质基准》，加强科普工作，提升公民科学文化素质。
Full and effective protection of cultural rights. Government funding for cultural undertakings is increasing rapidly, from RMB444 million in 1978 to RMB85.58 billion in 2017, a yearly increase of 14.4 percent. The national public cultural service standards have been established, and the National Guiding Standards for Public Cultural Services (2015-2020) are being introduced. Many public cultural facilities have been opened to the public for free. In 2017, there were 3,166 public libraries nationwide, with 109 sq m of public library space per 10,000 people, an 11.1-fold increase over 1978. These public libraries contained 970 million volumes, and received 745 million visits. The total number of China’s museums stood at 4,721 in 2017, a 12.5-fold increase over 1978. In 2017, they contained 36.62 million items, and received 970 million visitors.
Equal access to public cultural services is an important goal. By 2017, a total of 44,521 cultural centers and 340,560 comprehensive cultural service centers in villages and communities had been set up. Digital cultural services are a new innovation in providing public cultural services. In 2017, public libraries had more than 1 billion ebooks, 221,000 computers, and 144,300 electronic readers. By 2017, the total broadcasting network had covered 99.81 percent of the population, and 99.07 percent had had access to television; the database of the cultural information resources sharing project and the digital library promotion project had amounted to 700 terabytes. The Outline of the National Scheme for Scientific Literacy (2006-2010-2020) and the Benchmark for the Scientific Literacy of Chinese Citizens have been formulated to popularize science and improve the public’s understanding and appreciation of science and culture.
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