——基本国策保障绿色发展。1973年，中国召开第一次全国环保工作会议。1979年，通过第一部环境保护法。1983年，将保护环境确立为基本国策。1994年，审议通过《中国21世纪议程》，成为世界上第一个制定实施本国可持续发展战略的国家。2000年，将保护生态环境全面纳入国民经济与社会发展规划。2013年以来，中国全面加快推进生态文明建设，提出《关于加快推进生态文明建设的意见》。目前，已经形成了资源节约和环境保护法律体系，包括32部法律、48部行政法规、85件部门规章。共有各级环保系统机构14257个。截至2015年年底，全国森林面积达2.08亿公顷，森林覆盖率达21.66%，草原综合植被覆盖率达54%，城市建成区绿化覆盖率为40.1%。自然保护区建设实现统筹发展，全国自然保护区总数达到2740个，总面积约14703万公顷。
——环境治理改善绿色发展。建立国家生态环保综合决策机制和区域协调机制，形成政府、企业和公众共治的生态环境治理体系。生态环保技术研发水平不断提高，生态环境监控强度和环境污染治理能力不断增强。大气污染控制呈现良好发展趋势，煤炭消费量占能源消费量的比重显著下降，水电、风电、核电、天然气等清洁能源消费量不断上升。“十一五”以来，万元国内生产总值能耗累计下降34%，累计节能15.7亿吨标准煤，累计形成的节能量占全球同期节能量一半以上。2015年，城市污水处理率达到91.9%，城市生活垃圾无害化处理率达到94.1%，人均公园绿地面积达到13.35平方米。
The basic state policy of environmental protection underpins environment-friendly development. In 1973 China convened its first national work conference on environmental protection, and adopted its first Law on Environmental Protection in 1979. In 1983 China made environmental protection a basic state policy. China became the first country in the world to formulate and implement a national sustainable development strategy when it released China's Agenda 21 in 1994. The year 2000 first saw protection of the eco-environment being incorporated into the national economic and social development program. Since 2013 China has been accelerating ecological progress in an all-round way; the CPC Central Committee and the State Council jointly issued "Opinions on Accelerating Ecological Progress" in 2015. A legal system pivoting on energy conservation and environmental protection has been formed, comprising 32 laws, 48 administrative regulations, and 85 departmental rules of the State Council. Currently, there are 14,257 government agencies involved in environmental protection at all levels.
By the end of 2015 national forestry coverage had reached 208 million ha, representing about 22 percent of China's total land area; the vegetation coverage rate of grasslands had reached 54 percent, and the greenery coverage rate of urban built-up areas was 40.1 percent. Nature reserves have been developing in a unified way. Today China has 2,740 nature reserves, covering a total area of 147.03 million ha.
Environmental governance enhances environment-friendly development. A national integrated decision-making mechanism and regional coordination mechanisms have been established for the protection of the eco-environment, forming an environmental governance system jointly implemented by the government, enterprises and the public. Research and development in the technology for environmental protection is improving, and there has been continuous reinforcement of environmental monitoring efforts and pollution control capability.
Air pollution control is making steady progress. The proportion of coal consumption in total energy provision is decreasing year by year, while the contribution of hydropower, wind power, nuclear power, natural gas and other types of clean energy is increasing. Since the beginning of the 11th Five-Year Program (2006-2010), China's energy consumption per RMB10,000 GDP has decreased by 34 percent, saving 1.57 billion tons of coal equivalent, more than half of the energy saved by the whole world in this period. In 2015 the urban wastewater treatment rate reached 91.9 percent, and the pollution-free disposal rate of urban domestic solid waste was 94.1 percent. Urban park green space per capita reached 13.35 square meters.
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