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《发展权:中国的理念、实践与贡献》白皮书(中英对照)IV
2018-03-21 10:10:29    译聚网    国新网    



  ——文学艺术、新闻出版、广播影视和体育事业蓬勃发展。2015年,出版各类报纸430.09亿份、期刊28.78亿册、图书86.62亿册(张),人均图书拥有量6.32册(张)。有线电视实际用户达2.36亿户,其中有线数字电视实际用户1.98亿户。年末广播节目综合人口覆盖率为98.2%,电视节目综合人口覆盖率为98.8%。2015年,生产电视剧395部16560集,电视动画片134011分钟,故事影片686部,科教、纪录、动画和特种影片202部。对农村取得电影放映收入,免征增值税。支持小微文化企业发展,实施中西部地区县级城市影院建设资金补贴政策、金融支持政策和影院建设的差别化用地政策。开展全民阅读活动,2016“书香中国”系列活动惠及8亿多人次,全社会“爱读书、读好书、善读书”的阅读氛围更加深厚。加快体育产业发展,构建政府、社会、企业共同兴办体育的格局,实施全民健身计划,社会化全民健身组织网络基本形成,体育健身场地设施实现较大幅度增加。2015年,国家下拨补助资金8.7亿元,鼓励大型公共体育设施免费或低收费开放。2014年,国家体育彩票累计销售1746.04亿元,全年共筹集公益金455.11亿元。


  ——少数民族地区文化事业发展迅速。国家大力支持少数民族地区文化事业发展,通过实施万里边疆文化长廊建设、文化信息资源共享工程等,完善民族地区公共文化服务体系。截至2015年年底,布达拉宫等9项分布在民族地区的自然、文化遗产被列入《世界文化遗产名录》。新疆维吾尔木卡姆艺术等14项和羌年等4项少数民族项目分别入选联合国教科文组织《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》《急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录》,在民族地区建成10个文化生态保护实验区。在已经公布的四批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录和四批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目代表性传承人名单中,全国共有479项少数民族非物质文化遗产代表性项目、524名非物质文化遗产代表性项目传承人入选。全国少数民族古籍解题书目套书《中国少数民族古籍总目提要》于2014年全部出版。推进少数民族语言文字的规范化、标准化和信息处理,立项研制了蒙古、藏、维吾尔、哈萨克、彝等少数民族人名汉字音译转写规范,建设中国少数民族濒危语言数据库,设立并实施“中国语言资源保护工程”。截至2015年年底,全国有54个少数民族使用80余种本民族语言,21个少数民族使用28种本民族文字,近200个广播电台(站)使用25种少数民族语言播音,出版民族文字图书的各类出版社有32家,11个少数民族语言电影译制中心可进行17个少数民族语种、37种少数民族方言的译制,2012-2015年共完成3000余部(次)电影的少数民族语言译制。2015年,出版少数民族文字图书9192种、6912万册(张),报纸19609万份,期刊1245万册。


Literature, arts, news, publishing, radio, film, television and sports are thriving. In 2015, China published more than 43 billion copies of newspapers, 2.9 billion copies of periodicals, and 8.7 billion copies of books. The number of books published per capita reached 6.32. A total of 236 million households subscribed to cable TV, including 198 million subscribers to digital cable TV. At the end of the year, the radio coverage rate was 98.2 percent of the total population, and TV coverage was 98.8 percent of the total population. In 2015, China produced 395 TV serials totaling 16,560 episodes, 134,000 minutes of TV animation, 686 feature films, and 202 popular science films, documentaries, animation and special films. China has adopted value-added tax exemption for revenues from rural cinemas. It has also given support to small and micro cultural businesses, and implemented policies offering construction subsidies, financial support and differentiated land designation for county cinemas in central and western regions. China has launched an "All People Reading" campaign nationwide. The 2016 "Literary China" series of activities has benefitted over 800 million participants, forming a congenial social atmosphere for reading. China has accelerated the development of the sports industry under a policy that has the combined support of government, society and enterprises. China has launched a nationwide fitness campaign, basically established a corresponding organizational network, and greatly increased the number of sports venues and facilities. In 2015 China allocated RMB870 million in subsidies to support large sports venues and facilities to open to the public for free or at low cost. In 2014 the sales of the National Sports Lottery reached RMB174.6 billion, and the funds raised for the public totaled RMB45.5 billion.


Cultural programs in ethnic minority areas are developing. China has vigorously supported cultural development in ethnic minority areas. Through such programs as the Frontier Cultural Corridor Project and National Cultural Information Resources Sharing Project, China has improved the public cultural service system in ethnic minority areas. By the end of 2015, nine natural and cultural sites scattered in China's ethnic minority areas, including the Potala Palace in Tibet, were added to UNESCO's World Heritage List. Fourteen ethnic minority arts including Uygur Muqam of Xinjiang were added to UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, and another four, including the Qiang ethnic group's New Year Festival, were added to the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding. Ten experimental zones for cultural protection in ethnic minority areas have been established. A total of 479 ethnic minority heritage items have been included in the four lists of national representative intangible cultural heritage, and 524 trustees from ethnic minority groups have been put on the four lists of national representative trustees of intangible cultural heritage. The book series of explanatory notes on ancient books of ethnic minority groups, titled Synopsis of the General Catalogue of Ancient Books of Ethnic Minority Groups of China, was published in 2014. China has promoted the regulation, standardization and computerized processing of languages and scripts of ethnic minority groups. Projects have been initiated for the research and formulation of regulations on the transliteration of personal names into standard Chinese from Mongolian, Tibetan, Uygur, Kazakh, Yi and other ethnic minority languages. China has set up databanks for ethnic minority languages on the brink of extinction, and initiated and implemented the Project for the Protection of Chinese Language Resources. By the end of 2015 a total of 54 ethnic minority groups were using more than 80 spoken languages of their own ethnic groups, and 21 ethnic minority groups were using 28 scripts of their own ethnic groups. Now nearly 200 radio stations nationwide broadcast in 25 ethnic minority languages; 32 publishing houses of various types publish books in ethnic minority languages; 11 film dubbing centers, using 17 ethnic minority languages and 37 ethnic minority dialects, finished the dubbing of movies, amounting to over 3,000 versions from 2012 to 2015. In 2015, China produced many publications in ethnic minority languages, including 69.12 million copies of 9,192 book titles, 196.09 million copies of newspapers and 12.45 million copies of periodicals.




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