——民主选举是公民实现政治权利的重要内容。改革开放以来，中国的人民民主和选举平等进程取得了重大成就。2010年，全国人大修改选举法，实行城乡按相同人口比例选举人大代表，全面实现选举权的平等。在2011年到2012年全国县乡两级人大换届选举中，参加县级人大代表换届选举登记的选民达9.81亿多人，参加投票选民占登记选民的90.24%；参加乡级人大代表换届选举登记的选民达7.23亿多人，参加投票选民占登记选民的90.55%。为保障两亿多流动人口的选举权利，各地结合本地实际，采取了原则上在户口所在地参选、书面委托其他选民代为投票、取得原选区选民资格证明后在现居住地参选等有效措施，为流动人口参选创造便利条件。在2013年选出的第十二届全国人民代表大会第三次会议2987名代表中，来自一线的工人、农民代表有401人，占代表总数的13.42%；妇女代表699人，占代表总数的23.4%；少数民族代表409人，占代表总数的13.69%，全国55个少数民族都有本民族的代表。
——协商民主是公民实现有序政治参与的重要途径。中国形成了政党协商、人大协商、政府协商、人民团体协商、基层协商和社会组织协商构成的广泛多层、制度化的协商民主体系，扩大了公民有序的政治参与，保障了发展权的实现。中国人民政治协商会议是中国实行协商民主制度的重要机构，涵盖了包括中国共产党在内的9个党派、8个人民团体、56个民族、5大宗教、34个界别，共有各级政协组织3000多个，各级政协委员60多万名。2015年全国政协共举办41项重要协商活动、107项视察调研活动，形成了以全体会议为龙头、专题议政性常委会议和专题协商会为重点、双周协商座谈会为常态的协商议政格局。2015年全国政协十二届三次会议上，有1948名政协委员提交提案，占委员总数的87.5%；提案总计5857件，立案4984件，占总数的85.1%。全国政协十二届一次会议以来，提案办复率达99.5%以上。
Democratic election is an important element of citizens' political rights. Since the policy of reform and opening up was introduced in 1978, great progress has been made toward establishing people's democracy and an equal right to vote. In 2010, the NPC adopted an amendment to the Electoral Law providing wider equality of voting rights. Among other measures it requires that deputies be elected to the people's congresses based on the same population ratio in urban and rural areas.
Between 2011 and 2012, the election of deputies to county-level people's congresses saw more than 981 million registered voters and a turnout rate of 90.24 percent; the election of deputies to township-level people's congresses recorded more than 723 million registered voters and a turnout rate of 90.55 percent. In these elections, measures were taken based on the conditions in each constituency to ensure the right to vote of the 200 million floating population, and to facilitate their voting. The basic principle was that voters cast their votes in the constituencies where their registered permanent residences are, while they may vote by proxy with a letter of entrustment, and voters who have their voter qualification certificates in the constituencies where their registered permanent residences are may vote in the constituencies where they currently live.
The 2,987 deputies elected in 2013 to the Third Session of the 12th NPC included 401 workers and farmers accounting for 13.42 percent, 699 women accounting for 23.4 percent, and 409 deputies from all the 55 ethnic minority groups of China accounting for 13.69 percent.
Consultative democracy is an important channel for orderly participation in the political process. An extensive, multi-layered, institutionalized system of consultative democracy inclusive of multiple parties, people's congresses, governments, people's organizations, the grassroots, and non-governmental organizations has been created to expand orderly participation in the political process and ensure the citizen's right to development.
The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is an essential organ for implementing consultative democracy, involving the participation of nine political parties including the CPC, eight people's organizations, 56 ethnic groups, five major religions and 34 sectors of society. The CPPCC has more than 3,000 committees and over 600,000 members at all levels. In 2015, the CPPCC organized 41 major consultation events, and 107 inspection and survey tours, forming a political consultation framework employing a range of options such as plenary sessions, standing committees' thematic discussions on administrative affairs and thematic consultative seminars, and biweekly consultative seminars.
In the Third Session of the 12th CPPCC convened in 2015, 87.5 percent or 1,948 of the CPPCC members submitted 5,857 proposals, of which 85.1 percent or 4,984 were taken up for consideration. Since the First Session of the 12th CPPCC held in 2013, the rates of proposal handling and response have reached 99.5 percent or above.
上一篇：《发展权：中国的理念、实践与贡献》白皮书（中英对照）V
下一篇：《发展权：中国的理念、实践与贡献》白皮书（中英对照）III
微信公众号搜索“译员”关注我们，每天为您推送翻译理论和技巧，外语学习及翻译招聘信息。