关系牢固
Ties That Bind
中国同沙俄及此后的苏联在19世纪末到20世纪中叶有过数次结盟。但是每次都很短暂，因为结盟只是两个实力失衡的国家间的权宜之计。在之后的几十年，这两个强大的共产党领导的国家关系马马虎虎，虽然也有合作，但更多的是陷入对抗和猜疑。1989年，在苏联政权的末期，两国关系终于恢复正常。双方共同宣布，"要在互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处"的基础上发展双边关系。两年后，苏联解体，但中俄关系继承了"不结盟、不对抗，不针对第三国"的原则。
On several occasions between the end of the nineteenth century and the middle of the twentieth century, China entered into an alliance with the Russian empire and its successor, the Soviet Union. But every time, the arrangement proved short-lived, as each amounted to nothing more than an expediency between countries of unequal strength. In the decades that followed, the two powerful communist-led countries muddled through, occasionally cooperating but often riven by rivalry and mistrust. In 1989, in the waning years of Soviet rule, they finally restored normalcy to their relations. They jointly declared that they would develop bilateral relations based on "mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual nonaggression, noninterference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence." Two years later, the Soviet Union disintegrated, but Chinese-Russian relations carried on with the principle of "no alliance, no conflict, and no targeting any third country."
此后不久，新生的俄罗斯联邦奉行所谓的"大西洋主义"。为了赢得西方信任和援助，俄罗斯不仅经济改革走西方路线，而且在削减战略核武器等诸多重要安全问题上也作出让步。但俄罗斯的愿望并没有实现，反而出现经济萎缩，区域影响力下降。俄罗斯对美欧援助口惠而实不至感到失望，对北约东扩意图十分不满，1992年开始重视亚洲。同年，中俄宣布相互视为"友好国家"并发表联合政治声明，强调"各国人民自由选择其国内发展道路的权利应得到尊重，社会制度和意识形态的差异不应妨碍国家关系的正常发展"。
Soon thereafter, the newborn Russian Federation embraced the so-called Atlanticist approach. To win the trust and help of the West, Russia not only followed Western prescriptions for economic reform but also made concessions on major security issues, including reducing its stockpile of strategic nuclear weapons. However, things didn't turn out the way the Russians had hoped, as the country's economy tanked and its regional influence waned. In 1992, disappointed with what they saw as unfulfilled pledges of American and European assistance and irritated by talk of NATO's eastward expansion, the Russians began to pay more attention to Asia. That year, China and Russia announced that each would regard the other as a "friendly country" and issued a joint political statement stipulating that "the freedom of people to choose their own development paths should be respected, while differences in social systems and ideologies should not hamper the normal progress of relations."
自此开始，中俄关系逐步改善和深入。在过去的20多年来，双边贸易和投资大幅增长。2011年，中国成为俄罗斯最大贸易伙伴国。仅2014年一年，中国对俄投资增幅就高达80%——而这一增长势头依然保持强劲。上世纪九十年代早期，中俄贸易额每年尚不足50亿美元，而2014年这一数字已接近1000亿美元，足以彰显两国经贸关系的成长。2014年，北京和莫斯科签署里程碑式的天然气管道协议，俄将从2018年起向中国供气，每年最大输气量将达380亿立方米。此外，双方还计划在核电、航空制造、高铁、基础设施建设等领域做一些大事，并且在亚洲基础设施投资银行、金砖国家开发银行、金砖国家外汇储备库等新的多边金融平台开展合作。
Ever since, Chinese-Russian relations have gradually improved and deepened. During the past 20 years or so, bilateral trade and investment have expanded on a massive scale. In 2011, China became Russia's largest trading partner. In 2014 alone, China's investment in Russia grew by 80 percent – and the trend toward more investment remains strong. To get a sense of the growth in economic ties, consider that in the early 1990s, annual bilateral trade between China and Russia amounted to around $5 billion; by 2014, it came close to $100 billion. That year, Beijing and Moscow signed a landmark agreement to construct a pipeline that, by 2018, will bring as much as 38 billion cubic meters of Russian natural gas to China every year. The two countries are also planning significant deals involving nuclear power generation, aerospace manufacturing, high-speed rail, and infrastructure development. Furthermore, they are cooperating on new multinational financial institutions, such as the Asian Infrastructure InvestmentBank, the New Development Bank BRICS, and the BRICS foreign exchange reserve pool.
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