摆脱零和游戏
Getting Past Zero-Sum
鉴于中、俄、美三国之间的关系互相关联，研究中俄关系也需要关注到中美关系的状况。与中俄关系相比，北京和华盛顿之间的关系更加广泛但也更为复杂。中美经济总量占到全球三分之一。2014年，双边贸易额接近6000多亿美元，双向投资存量超过1200亿美元。37年前，当中美刚刚建交之际，没人预料两国会发展成如此强有力的伙伴关系。
Given the way that relations among China, Russia, and the United States are intertwined, no analysis of Chinese-Russian ties would be complete without a consideration of where things stand between China and the United States. Compared with the Chinese-Russian relationship, the one between Beijing and Washington is wider and more complicated. Combined, China and the United States account for one-third of global GDP. In 2014, U.S.-Chinese trade reached nearly $600 billion, and accumulated mutual investment exceeded $120 billion. Thirty-seven years ago, when the People's Republic of China established diplomatic relations with the United States, no one expected such a strong partnership to emerge.
但不可否认，中美关系也存在结构性的矛盾。两国的政治理念和制度有巨大的不同。很多美国人将中国不断增长的经济实力及与之相应的更大国际影响力视为对华盛顿全球领导力的潜在威胁。中国正迅速成长为世界第二大经济体。当2003年美国派兵入侵伊拉克之际，中国的国内生产总值（GDP）大约是美国的八分之一。八年后，当美开始从伊拉克撤军之时，中国的GDP已增至美国的一半。很多报告预测，到2020年，中国的GDP将与美国接近。这些变化令华盛顿担心中美走上了对抗之路。针对中国在南中国海的斯普拉特利群岛（即我南沙群岛——本网注）一些岛礁上的扩建行为，很多美国学者和评论家认为这是"扩张主义"的体现，并就美国应如何应对展开了激烈讨论。同时，北京认为，美国派军舰接近中国的南中国海岛礁是挑衅行为，有观点认为美国的对华政策从建设性接触转向遏制。
But there is no denying the structural difficulties in the relationship. Significant differences remain between Chinese and U.S. political values and between the governing systems in the two countries. And many Americans perceive China's growing economic strength and its correspondingly higher international influence as a potential threat to Washington's global leadership. China has quickly grown into the world's second-largest economy. When U.S. troops invaded Iraq in 2003, China's GDP was roughly one-eighth that of the United States. By the time the Americans pulled out of Iraq eight years later, China's GDP had grown to half that of the United States. According to many estimates, China's GDP will approach the United States' by 2020. These changes have provoked fears in Washington that China and the United States are on a collision course. Disputes over China's construction activities in the Spratly Islands, in the South China Sea, have fueled a heated debate about how the United States should respond to what some American scholars and commentators see as expansionism. Meanwhile, Beijing regards the presence of U.S. military vessels near Chinese territory in the South China Sea as an act of provocation. Some argue that U.S. policy toward China may shift from constructive engagement to containment.
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