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汉语有没有‘手跟’这个词儿?”我向十几 位同志进行了调査。回答是一致的:“没有”。家乡的方言里有表示手的这一部分的词,却又不知道汉字怎么写法。
于是,我改变了问题的提法,继续我的调查,问:“手掌后与脚跟相应的那部分,汉语怎么说?”有许多同志都说是“手腕”,但接着又都否定了。最后请教了一位体育老师,他不加思索地说:叫“掌跟”。
所以,在汉语中上下肢这一相应部分的名称各不相同:在上肢为“拿(指手掌)跟”,在下肢则为“脚跟”。
至于英语呢,“脚跟”是“heel”,手或掌的“跟”也是“heel”。前者见于《新英汉词典》,后者 则请看下例(请注意,例1为“掌跟”,而例2-3 则为“手跟”):
1. …a computerized plastic model known affectionately as "Resusci-Anne," used to train groups in administering first aid to heart-attack victims..., was presented to the American Heart Association by Norwegian Ambassador ... as a gift from its inventor, and Rosalynn immediately proved her mettle: placing the heel of her palm above Annie's breastbone, she pushed in repeatedly....
—Newsweek, February 20, 1978, p.63
2. Freddie hit Che on his forehead with the heel of his hand....
一Elia Kazan: The Assassins, NY 1972, p.47
3. She caught him behind the ear with the heel of her hand, knocking him unconscious.
—Thomas Harris: Black Sunday, NY 1975, p.90
也许是用到“脚跟”的时候比较多,用到“掌跟”的时候比较少吧,所以说到“脚跟”只要说 “heel”而不必说“the heel of one's foot”, 而提到“掌跟”就得用“the heel of one's hand/ palm”那样的介词短语予以限定了。
人体解剖的名称在英语中上(指身体的上部)下(指身体下半部)不分,不仅“heel”一词而已。如“cheek” 一词,许多英语学习者以为只用于脸部即“面颊”。其实,“cheek”也用于臀部。不知汉语有没有同“面颊”相应的“臀颊”,这个面,如果有这样的词,倒不妨拿来译下例中的斜体部分了 :
4. She held the cheeks of his ass and…
一 The Best American Short Stories 1973, Boston 1973
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