常用短语结构有：

as + -ed/分句 像…(那样)

by + NP/ - ing 用…；靠…；通过…，用…的方法

by means of + NP 借助于…

by/through the application of + NP 通过(靠)施加…

by/through the use of + NP 通过使用…，利用…

by this method / in this way 这样，用这个方法

in a ... fashion / manner / way 以…的方式(方法)

in a way + that / in which ... 以…的方式

in such a way / manner / fashion that ... 以这样的方式，即(以致)…like 十 NP 像…(那样)

so (+ -ed) + that ... 这样…以致…

so + -ed + as t0 + V 这样…以致

through + NP / -ing 通过…，经由…，以…

whereby + 分句(by means of which ...)靠那个，借助于那个…

with + NP 用…，以…

with the help / aid of + NP 借助于…，在…帮助下

The induced current must flow as indicated by the arrows．

感生电流必定按箭头所示方法流动。

Some waves are reflected as a mirror reflects light．

某些波就像镜子反射光那样被反射回来。

A capacitor is formed by separating two metal plates by an insulator．

电容器是靠用绝缘体将两块金属板隔开而形成的。

We have shown , by experiment , that the heat produced is proportional to the square of the current．

我们通过实验已证明，所产生的热量与电流的平方成正比。

The filament is heated by the application of voltage．

灯丝是靠施加电压而加热的。

Perhaps many problems which we have not been able to solve will be solved by the use of the laser．

我们一直无法解决的许多问题，借助于激光也许会得到解决。

By means of special techniques and instruments it is now possible to photograph molecules．

借助于专门的技术和仪器， 现在已可以拍摄出分子的照片。

A fuse-box is a device by means of which/whereby excessive loads are avoided．

熔丝盒是用来防止过载的一种装置。

The testing of machines by this method entails some loss of power．

用这种方法来试验机器会损失一些功率。

Liquids and gases only partially absorb or emit these radiations , and so in a selective fashion．

液体和气体仅部分地吸收或发射这些辐射，并有选择性地进行。

Electrons revolve about their nucleus in a manner similar to the planets revolving about the sun．

电子像行星围绕太阳运转那样绕其核旋转。

This radiated energy is distributed across the spectrum in a way that varies with temperature．

这种辐射能量随温度而变化地分布在光谱的各部位。

In iron the atoms are arranged in a way in which each atom has eight others next to it ．

在铁中，原子排列的方式是每个原子有另外 8 个原子紧挨着它。

A machine is a device for applying energy to do work in a way suitable for a given purpose．

机械是以适合于某一给定目的之方法而应用能量来做功的装置。

The airplane rises like a bird．

飞机像一只鸟似地飞起。

This electrical pressure acts much like water pressure in a tank．

这种电压的作用颇像水箱中的水压。

Binary counting should be clear through an inspection of Table 1．

观察一下表 1，就可清楚了解二进制计数法。

Through the use of laser beams and mirrors and detectors , distances in land and space can be measured．

利用激光器、镜子和检测器，可以测量陆地和空间的距离。

Largely through the work of Rutherford and his collaborators , the nature of the emissions from radioactive substances was determined．

主要通过卢瑟福及其合作者的研究，才确定了放射性物质辐射现象的本质。

Galileo gathered experimental data with his telescope and recorded that data．

伽里略用他的望远镜收集了实验资料并作了记录。

The rigidity of machine elements is found with the help of formulae from the theory of the strength of materials．

机械零件的刚度可借助于材料力学中的公式求出。

The Joliot-Curies studied the bombardment of aluminium with alpha-particles．

约里奥—居里研究过用α粒子轰击铝的情况。

(→“方法”的表示法)

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