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四、句间有转折、条件等关系
相邻的两个英语简单句,如在意义上有明显的或隐含的转折关系或条件关系,或者还有表示转折关系的关联词语,便可合译成汉语的一个复句。试看以下各例:
16) Certain insects live their entire adult life in a day or less. In their immature form such insects may live a total of one to three years.
某些昆虫的成熟期仅一天或不到一天,但未成熟期却可长达一至三年。
17) A shipping and receiving department should not be considered an added operation. Rather, it should be integrated into the processing function.
收料发货部门的工作不应该看作是辅助性的工序,相反,它应归并到生产业务中去。
18) Probably hydrogen can never be made into a metal. But scientists are considering the possibility.
氢也许永远不能变成金属,但科学家们却正在考虑这种可能性。
19) Men have made use of fusion in the terrible hydrogen bomb. But we have been unable to slow down the process enough for any other purpose.
人类已经在可怕的氢弹中利用了聚变,但人类还不能把聚变过程减缓到能用于其它目的。
20) Put an egg into a glass of flesh water. The egg will sink to the bottom of the glass.
如果把一只鸡蛋放入一杯淡水中,鸡蛋就会沉到杯底。
五、几句为同一主语
有时,英语里前后两个或几个句子,不仅语义密切相关,而且主语也是同一个(后句往往用代词作主语)。对这种情况,翻译时常要合并译成一个句子,并以一个主语贯穿几个分句。这种情况在简单句的合译中比较常见。请看以下各例:
21) This question has puzzled astronomers for many years. It still puzzles them.
多年来,这个问题一直在困惑着天文学家,现在仍使他们大惑不解。
22) Sail erosion is a natural physical process. It cannot be prevented.
土壤侵蚀是一种自然的物理过程,是无法防止的。
23) The graph of a sine wave appears in Fig.4. This represents one complete cycle or 360º.
图4为一正弦波曲线,表示一个完整的周期,即360º。
24) The errors are,depending on their origin, subdivided in different categories. They are as follows.
视原因不同,这些误差可分为以下几种类型。
25) Scientists say the hormone insulin can be used to treat heart disease. They say insulin reduces the damage done when the heart fails.
科学家们指出,荷尔蒙胰岛素可用于治疗心脏病,减轻由于心脏机能衰退造成的危害。
这里应强调指出,合句译法的主要目的是为了使译文准确、紧凑,而决不是单单为了节约文字和篇幅。对原文中相邻的两句话,必须对其语义关系和逻辑层次进行仔细分析后才能决定是否要采用合译法,不可动辄采用,以免导致漏译或误译。那种随意把前后两个句子揉合在一起的做法是不可取。
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