Memory decline is the hallmark of cognitive change in AD. It is characterized as a storage deficit, meaning that material cannot be recalled with cue. In the early stage,memory impairment for recent events is common whereas long-term memory remains intact. As the disease progresses, individuals with AD are increasingly unable to recall more distant memorics. Typically, the motor signs are absent carly in the course. Likewise, sensory abnormalities, seizures, and gait difficulties are uncommon until the late phase of disease. Behavioural changes,including depression, anxiety, apathy, aggression, agitation, wandering, vocalization, disinhibition, and abnormal eating,are common thereafter and cause caregiver stress as well as greater use of health care service.

                                                  [Geriatrics Aging,2007;10(7):425-429]

参考译文

记忆力下降是阿尔茨海默病认知功能障碍的特征。其主要特征为记忆保存机制缺陷，也就是说患者无法根据线索回忆起所记忆的内容。在疾病的早期,患者往往出现近期记忆的障碍，而远期记忆则是完好的。随着疾病的进展，患者的远期记忆也会出现障碍。通常，运动功能方面的体征并不出现在疾病的早期，同样，感觉障碍,癲疴发作以及步态异常一般只在晚期才出现。此后，一系列行为的改变包括抑郁、焦虑、淡漠、易怒、激越、徘徊、自发语言、脱抑制以及饮食习惯的异常便随之而来，这往往使得看护者的工作变得繁重，这时候需要加强相应卫生保健服务。

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