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主谓语的分隔是最常见的一种句子成分的分隔现象。造成主谓语分隔的原因主要是主语带后置定语或定语从句,主语带同位语或同位语从句,主谓语之间加入了各种状语、状语从句或其他插入成分或句子等等。
举例如下:
1. Pain in the chest due to pleurisy may be an early symptom.
[译文] 由胸膜炎所引起的胸痛可能是一个早期症状。
[说明]句子的主谓语被介词短语in the chest和due to pleurisy所分隔,这两个介词短语都起定语作用,修饰作主语的名词Pain.
2. To serve the worker-peasant masses, the majority of the people, is the fundamental orientation of public health work in China.
[译文]面向工农群众,为大多数人服务,是中国公共卫生工作的根本方向。
[说明]句子的主谓语被同位语the majority of people所分隔。
3. Family planning in our country means more than birth control, and the measures taken vary with circumstances.
[译文]我国的计划生育的意义不仅仅是节制生育,所采取的措施也根据不同情况而异。
[说明]上句是一个并列句。前句的主谓语被起定语作用的介词短语 in our country所分隔,后句的主谓语被作定语的分词taken所分隔。
4. Involvement of the cranial nerves when present may result in strabismus and deafness.
[译文]当出现累及脑神经的情況时,可导致斜视和耳聋。
[说明]句中主谓语被起定语作用的介词短语of the cranial nerves 和省略it is的时间状语从句when present所分隔。
5. The isolation of early and suspicious cases of respiratory tract- inflammation, particularly when accompanied by a rise in temperature, may delay the spread of the disease.
[译文]对可疑的早期呼吸道炎症患者进行隔离(恃别在患者伴随体温升髙的情况下)可阻延此病的传播。
[说明]句中的主谓语被起定语作用的介词短语of early and inflammation 和省略 it is 的时间状语从句 particularly when temperature所分隔。
6. In fact, any case showing these three symptoms and particularly if accompanied by pallor, weak rapid pulse and weakness, should be considered as a case of internal bleeding.
[译文]事实上,任何出现这3种症状(特别是伴有苍白,脉搏速而弱和身体虚弱)的患者均应认为是内出血患者。
[说明]句子主谓语被起定语作用的分词短语和省略成分的条件状语从句 showing…and weakness 所分隔。