(5)以症状、疾病做主语的句型

①从…开始：begin (occur, start ...) + 时间，如：

The disease began three years ago, but progressed very slowly.

②可追溯到：date (go back)to +时间。如：

His symptom dates back to his early childhood.

③在/从已存在：be present十时间,如：

These symptoms have been present for about 10 years.

④在…之前已有：be preceded by ...,如：

The vomiting was preceded by pallor and profuse sweat.

⑤在…之后紧接着发生：be followed by,如:

The discomfort was followed by regurgitation of anything she attempted to eat.

⑥与…同时发生：be accompanied by …/ coincide with 如：

The pain was sometimes accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

⑦与...有（无）关：be(not)related to …/ have (no) correlation with...，

Anterior chest discomfort was not related to lying on any particular side.

⑧伴有…；be accompanicd by .../ be associated with …，如：

The pain was frequently associated with a sensation of tightness in the chest.

 

(6)表迖疾病的好转与恶化

①持续…时间：last+ 时间(e.g. 2 days, for the whole week)，如：

Every coughing spell lasts about 3 - 5 minutes.

②恶化：take a bad turn / take a turn for the worse / be aggravated / exacerbatcd become worse，如：

The patient's condition, however, took a bad turn the next day.

③好转：take a favorable turn / take a turn for the better / improve,如： 

The syndrome took a favorable turn after two blood transfusion.

④因…而加剧/减轻：be aggravated / abated / alleviated by,如：

The pain was aggravated by exertion and alleviated by rest.

⑤随着…而加剧(减轻）:be aggravated / alleviated with the change of ….如：

Her breathlessness is aggravated with the change of weather.

⑥无变化：remain the same / unchanged,如：

The patient's blood pressure remained the same.

⑦经用…治疗而（无）好转：be (not) improved after treatment with …，如：

Her heart rate improved markedly after treatment with …

 

(7)以名词 attack，episode, onset, seizure, bout, spell 等做主语 + occur / appear / follow,或以动词 decrease, come upon, 

 

last, subside, cease, clear up 等作谓语的句型，如：

A similar attack appeared in the following morning.

The most recent episode occurred approximately two months ago.

The entire attack lasted for less than five minutes.

The onset of the disease came abruptly.

 

(8)被动语态句型，如：

Attacks of pain were intensified by deep inspirations.

His cold was complicated by pneumonia.

The attacks can be relieved by resting and eating candies.

 

(9)There be +症状/疾病，如：

There is a gradual (sudden) onset of edema.