然而，在分裂分子和帝国主义势力的拉拢和支持下，十四世达赖罔顾作为佛教徒的基本戒律和伦理，辜负中央政府的期望，对中央政府阳奉阴违，暗中从事分裂国家活动。1959年，十四世达赖集团为抗拒废除农奴制的民主改革，撕毁《十七条协议》，发动全面武装叛乱。对于十四世达赖的两面派手法，中央政府早有洞察。新中国领导人毛泽东指出：“达赖要叛乱的阴谋从1955年由北京回去就开始了。1957年初他从印度回来，到1958年布置了两年。”十四世达赖对自己阳奉阴违的做法直言不讳，他在1965年曾称，在1951年至1959年的九年间，“一边在口头上说我们为能回到祖国大家庭而高兴，为能同祖国大家庭中的人民一道建设社会主义社会而高兴之类的话的时候，在心中也隐藏着一句话”，“此话就是：西藏要自由独立”。

　　——发动武装叛乱后，中央政府对十四世达赖仁至义尽，在一段时间内仍采取耐心等待的态度，但他在背叛祖国的道路上越走越远

However, through the machinations of separatists and imperialist forces, the 14th Dalai Lama turned away from the basic discipline and ethics of Buddhism and betrayed the hopes the central government had placed in him, secretly engaging in separatist activities while feigning loyalty to the central government in public. In 1959, he and his supporters tore up the 17-Article Agreement, rejected the democratic reform of abolishing serfdom, and instigated a full-scale armed rebellion. The central government had already begun to see through this double-dealing. As Chairman Mao Zedong pointed out, "The Dalai Lama's plans to launch a rebellion started just after his return from Beijing in 1955. He prepared this rebellion for two years - from early 1957, when he returned from India, to 1958." In 1965, the 14th Dalai Lama spoke publicly about his feigned compliance during the nine years from 1951 to 1959, "We paid lip service to being glad to return to the motherland and to working together to build a socialist society, while we kept an unspoken faith in our heart - 'Tibet wants freedom and independence'."

- After the armed rebellion broke out, the central government showed extreme forbearance and waited for a time with an attitude of patience, but the 14th Dalai Lama went further and further down the road of dividing China.