前言

　　新中国成立以来，特别是改革开放以来，交通运输面貌发生了历史性变化，为经济社会发展、人民群众安全便捷出行作出了重要贡献。

　　新世纪以来，中国政府全面深化交通运输改革，加快建设现代综合交通运输体系，不断提升交通运输行业治理体系和治理能力现代化水平，交通运输进入了各种运输方式交汇融合、统筹发展的新阶段。

Preamble

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, and especially since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policy in 1978, China's transport has undergone historic changes, making significant contributions to the country's social and economic development, and the people's safe and convenient travel.

Since the start of the 21st century, the Chinese government has furthered the reform in transport, built a modernized comprehensive transport system, improved the management system, and modernized management capacity in transport, bringing China's transport to a new stage that incorporates multiple modes of transport and promotes their coordinated development.

　　2020年，中国将全面建成小康社会。实现第一个“百年目标”，交通运输需要进一步加快发展，充分发挥基础性先导性服务性作用，当好先行官，为全面建成小康社会提供坚强保障。

　　一、发展历程

　　新中国成立之初，交通运输面貌十分落后。全国铁路总里程仅2.18万公里，有一半处于瘫痪状态。能通车的公路仅8.08万公里，民用汽车5.1万辆。内河航道处于自然状态。民航航线只有12条。邮政服务网点较少。主要运输工具还是畜力车和木帆船等。

China intends to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020, which is the first of its Two Centenary Goals. For this end, transport should quicken its pace of development, and fully play its basic, pioneering and serving role as a vanguard and solid guarantee for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. 

I. Course of Development

When the PRC was founded in 1949, transport was underdeveloped. Total railway length was only 21,800 km, half of which was paralyzed. Highway traffic length was only 80,800 km, and civil automobiles numbered only 51,000. Inland waterways were undeveloped, and only 12 civil air routes were operative. Postal outlets were limited. The major means of transport were animal-drawn vehicles and primitive boats.