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例3:保管期间届满或者寄存人提前领取保管物的,保管人应当将原物及其孳息归还寄存人。(《中华人民共和国合同法》第377条)
英译为:If the safekeeping duration expires or the depositor claims and retrieves the article before the expiry date, the safekeeping party shall return to the depositor the original article and the interest generated therefrom.
译文中的therefrom表示from the original article,准确指出interest的来源。
例4:委托合同是委托人和受托人约定,由受托人处理委托人事务的合同。(《中华人民共和国合同法》第396条)
译文为:A commission contract refers to a contract between the commissioning party and the commissioned party whereby the commissioned party shall handle the business of the commissioning party.
译文中的whereby意为凭此协议,凭此条款等,即by the agreement; by the contract; by the following terms and conditions,etc.此词常用于合同协议书中,引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。
为了加深对这些词的认识,再从FIDIC条款(注:FIDIC为国际工程师联合会的缩写;FIDIC条款是指国际工程师联合会出版的“土木工程施工合同条件”)及其它国际法法律英语文本中择出几句,附以中译文,供读者比较,并由此反推中译英的行文。
1. FIDIC 合同条款第3.1款原文为:“The Contract shall not, without the prior consent of the Employer (which consent, notwithstanding the provisions of Sub-Clause 1.5, shall be at the sole discretion of the Employer), assign the Contract or any part thereof, or any benefit or interest therein or thereunder, otherwise than by: ………”
文中除了用thereof一词外,还用了therein和thereunder,它们分别表示:of the Contract, in the Contract, under the Contract(合同的, 合同中, 根据合同),这些专门术语的使用使行文简洁、明了,含义准确无误。
参考译文:无业主的事先同意(尽管有1.5款的规定,这种同意也应由业主自行决定),承包人不得转让合同或合同的任何部分,不得转让合同中或根据合同获得的任何好处或利益,但下列情况除外:
2.联合国国际货物销售合同公约第46条原文规定:“ If the goods do not conform with the contract, the buyer may require the seller to remedy the lack of conformity by repair, unless this is unreasonable having regard to all the circumstances. A request for repair shall be made either in conjunction with notice given under Article 39 or within a reasonable time thereafter. ”
文中thereafter为法律英语的的专门用语,在此表示after notice given under Article 39,,它避免重复,又能准确表达原意。
参考译文:“如货物不符合合同要求,买方可要求卖方修理,以补救与合同不符之处, 除非在考虑各种情况之后,认为此要求不合理。该修理要求应是根据第39条发出通知中提出的,或在上述通知发出后合理的时间内提出的。”
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