中国是美国飞机、农产品、汽车、集成电路的重要出口市场。中国是美国飞机和大豆的第一大出口市场，汽车、集成电路、棉花的第二大出口市场。2017年美国出口中57%的大豆、25%的波音飞机、20%的汽车、14%的集成电路、17%的棉花都销往中国。

　　中美双边贸易互补性强。美国居于全球价值链的中高端，对华出口多为资本品和中间品，中国居于中低端，对美出口多为消费品和最终产品，两国发挥各自比较优势，双边贸易呈互补关系。2017年中国向美国出口前三大类商品为电机电气设备及其零附件、机械器具及零件、家具寝具灯具等，合计占比为53.5%。中国从美国进口前三大类商品为电机电气设备及其零附件、机械器具及零件、车辆及其零附件，合计占比为31.8%。机电产品在中美双边贸易中占重要比重，产业内贸易特征较为明显（表1）。中国对美出口的“高技术产品”，大多只是在华完成劳动密集型加工环节，包含大量关键零部件和中间产品的进口与国际转移价值。

　图表：表1：2017年中国对美国主要进、出口商品（HS2位码） 新华社发

China is an import market for US goods such as airplanes, agricultural produce, automobiles, and integrated circuits. China represents the No. 1 export market for US airplanes and soybeans, and the No. 2 export market for US automobiles, IC products and cotton. In 2017 China took 57% of US soybean exports, 25% of Boeing aircraft, 20% of automobiles, 14% of ICs and 17% of cotton.

China-US bilateral trade has a strong complementarity. The US stands at the mid-and high-end in global value chains and it exports capital goods and intermediary goods to China. Remaining at the mid-and low-end in global value chains, China mainly exports consumer goods and finished products to the US. The two countries play to their comparative strengths and the two-way trade is highly complementary. In 2017, the top three categories of Chinese exports to the US were: 

1.electric machines/electrical products/equipment and components, 

2.mechanical apparatus and components, and 

3.furniture/bedding/lamps, 

which accounted for 53.5% of its total exports to the US. The top three categories of products that China imported from the US were：

1.machinery/electric equipment/ components and accessories, 

2.mechanical apparatus and components, and 

3.automobile and components and accessories, 

which accounted for 31.8% of total import from the US. Machinery and electronic products take a lion’s share of two-way trade, and there is an evident characteristic of intra-industry trade. (Table 1) For most of the hi-tech products that China exports to the US, only labor-intensive processing takes place in China, involving large-scale import of key components and intermediary products as well as international transfer of value.

　　（二）中美双边服务贸易快速增长

　　美国服务业高度发达，产业门类齐全，国际竞争力强。随着中国经济发展和人民生活水平提升，服务需求明显扩大，双方服务贸易快速增长。据美国方面统计，2007-2017年，中美服务贸易额由249.4亿美元扩大到750.5亿美元，增长了2倍。2017年，据中国商务部统计，美国是中国第二大服务贸易伙伴；据美国商务部统计，中国是美国第三大服务出口市场。

　　美国是中国服务贸易最大逆差来源地，且逆差快速扩大。据美国方面统计，2007-2017年，美国对华服务出口额由131.4亿美元扩大到576.3亿美元，增长了3.4倍，而同期美国对世界其他国家和地区的服务出口额增长1.8倍，美国对华服务贸易年度顺差扩大30倍至402亿美元（图2）。

　　图表：图2：美国对中国服务贸易进出口（单位：亿美元） 新华社发

2.  Bilateral trade in services is developing quickly.

The US has a highly-advanced and fully-fledged service industry which is very competitive on the international market. Accompanying the growth of the Chinese economy and the improvement of Chinese people’s living standards is an obvious rise in demand for services and rapid growth in bilateral services trade. According to US statistics, two-way trade in services rose from US$24.94 billion in 2007 to US$75.05 billion in 2017. According to MOFCOM, the US was China’s second biggest services trade partner; according to USDOC, China is the third biggest market for US service exports.

The US is the biggest source of China’s deficit in services trade and this deficit has been increasing fast. US statistics show that US service exports to China grew 340% from US$13.14 billion in 2007 to US$57.63 billion in 2017 while its service exports to other countries and regions in the same period grew by 180%. The US surplus with China in services multiplied by a factor of 30 to US 40.2 billion. (Chart 2) At present, the US represents roughly 20% of China’s total deficit in services trade, the biggest source of this deficit. China’s deficit with the US is concentrated in three areas, travel, transport and intellectual property royalties.

Chart 2: US Services Imports from and Exports to China (unit: US$100 mn)