五色/Wu Se

(The Five Colours)

雷公向于黄帝曰:五色独决于明堂乎?小子未知其所谓也。黄帝曰:明堂者鼻也，阙者眉间也，庭者颜也，蕃者颊侧也，蔽者耳门也，其间欲方大，去之十步，皆见于外，如是者寿必中百岁。

Leigong asked Yellow Emperor and said:"When examining the five colours in one's complexion, are they only determined on the location of Mingtang? I do not understand the meaning." Yellow Emperor said: "Mingtang or Hall means the nose; Que or the buildings along side of the palace's gate means the location between the two eyebrows; Tianting or the imperial court means the forehead; Fan or the fence means the sides of the two cheeks; Bi or barrier means the tragus. When the locations between these parts of a man appear to be upright and plump and one can see them in a single sight beyond ten paces, people of this kind will enjoy a long life of one hundred years old."

雷公日:五官之辨奈何?黄帝日:明堂骨高以起，平以直，五藏次于中央，六府挟其两侧，首面上于阙庭，王宫在于下极，五藏安于胸中，真色以致，病色不见，明堂润泽以清，五官恶得无辨乎。雷公日:其不辨者，可得闻乎?黄帝日:五色[五色:《甲乙》卷一第十五“五色”上有“五脏”二字]之见也，各出其色[色:《甲乙》卷一第十五无此字]部。部骨[部骨:《甲乙》卷一第十五“部骨”上有“其”字]陷者，必不免于病矣。其色部[色部:二字互倒]乘袭者，虽病甚，不死矣。雷公日:官五色奈何[官五色奈何:《甲乙》卷一第十五作“五官具五色何也”]?黄帝日:青黑为痛，黄赤为热，白为寒，是谓五官。

Leigong asked: "How to distinguish the colours in various sense organs which indicate the diseases?" Yellow Emperor said:"The nasal bone should be high and bulgy, upright and straight, the parts indicating the five solid organs situate in the middle of the nose in order and the six hollow organs supplement on the two sides. The Que and the Tianting above indicate the head and the face, the Xiaji which is between the two eyes indicates the heart, as heart is the monarch, so. Xiaji is called the imperial palace. When the five solid organs in the chest are stable and harmonious, the colours of the corresponding parts will be normal without any diseased colour and the colour on the nose will be smooth, moist and lucid. Under such situation, how can the diseased colour in the five sense organs be neglected?" Leigong said: "When one distinguishes it. what are the details?” Yellow Emperor said: "The diseased colours of the five solid organs will be manifested on the corresponding positions respectively, if the locations beside the centre are bogging, one will not be exempted from the disease. If the colour indicating a certain viscus appears on the location indicating its promoting viscus, such as, when the yellow colour (spleen) appears on Xiaji (heart), the patient will not die even if the disease is quite critical." Leigong asked:"What do the five colours indicate?" Yellow Emperor said: "Green and black indicate pain, yellow and red indicate heat and white indicates cold."

雷公曰:病之益甚，与其方衰如何?黄帝曰:外内皆在焉。切其脉口滑小紧以沉者，病益甚，在中;人迎气大紧以浮者，其病益甚，在外。其脉口浮滑者，病日进;人迎沉而滑者，病日损。其脉口滑以沉者，病日进，在内;其人迎脉滑盛以浮者，其病日进在外。脉之浮沉及人迎与寸口气小大等者，病难已。病之在藏，沉而大者，易已，小为逆;病在府，浮而大者，其病易已。人迎盛坚[坚:《太索》卷十四《人迎脉口诊》作“紧”]者，伤于寒;气口盛坚者，伤于食。

Leigong asked: "How to know when the disease is becoming aggravated or the evil-energy is declining?" Yellow Emperor said: "Both the hollow organs outside and the solid organs inside may fall into decline. When palpating the Cunkou, if the pulse condition is slippery, tiny, pressing and sunken, the disease will become aggravated day after day, and the disease is in the five solid organs: when the Renying pulse condition is gigantic, pressing and floating. the disease will be aggravated day after day also, and the disease is in the six hollow organs. When the Cunkou pulse condition is floating and slippery, the disease will be aggravated day after day; when the Renying pulse condition is sunken and slippery, the disease will be relieved day after day. When the pulse condition of Cunkou is slippery and sunken, the disease will be aggravated day after day, and the disease is in the five solid organs; when the Renying pulse condition is gigantic, pressing and floating, the disease will be aggravated day after day also, and the disease is in the six hollow organs.  When the pulse condition is sunken or floating, and the gigantic or tiny conditions of the Renying and Cunkou pulses are similar, the disease can hardly be recovered. When the disease is in the five solid organs and the pulse is sunken and gigantic, the disease can easily be recovered; when the pulse is sunken and tiny,it is the adverse condition. When the disease is in the six hollow organs and the pulse is floating and gigantic, the disease can easily be recovered: when the pulse is floating and tiny, it is the adverse condition. The Renying pulse determines the condition of the superficies, when the pulse is overabundant and pressing, it shows one's Yang channels are injured by the cold-evil (exogenous evil); the Cunkou determines the condition of the interior, when the pulse is overabundant and pressing, it shows one's Yin channels are injured by the food (internal damage)."

雷公日:以色言病之间甚奈何?黄帝口:其色粗以明[其色粗以明:“明”下脱“者为坚”三字]，沉夭者为甚，其色上行者病益[益:《甲乙》卷一第十五作“亦”]甚，其色下行如云彻散者病方已。五色各有藏部，有外部，有内部也。色从外部走内部者，其病从外走内;其色从内走外者，其病从内走外。病生于内者，先治其阴，后治其阳，反者益甚;其病生于阳者，先治其外，后治其内，反者益甚。其脉滑大以代而长者，病从外来，目有所见，志有所恶[恶:《甲乙》卷四第一上作“存”]，此阳气[阳气:《甲乙》卷四第一上“阳”下无“气”字]之并[并:日抄本“并”作“病”]也，可变而已。

Leigong asked: "How to illustrate the extent of the seriousness of the disease by examining the diseased colour in the complexion?" Yellow Emperor said:"When the patient's complexion is somewhat lustrous, the disease is light, when it is sunken and dark, the disease is serious. If the diseased colour is moving upwards, the disease will be aggravated, if the diseased colour is moving downwards like the floating clouds which are dissipating, the disease will soon be recovered. In the five diseases colours reflecting the various parts of the internal organs, some belong to the six hollow organs which are outside, some belong to the five solid organs which are inside. When the diseased colour is running from outside to inside, it shows the disease is entering into the interior from the superficies; if the diseased colour is running from inside to outside, it shows the disease is coming out from the interior to the superficies. When the disease starts from inside, the solid organs should be treated first, and then treat the hollow organs, if the treating is in the reverse sequence, the disease will be aggravated; when the disease starts from outside, the superficies should be treated first, and then treat the interior; if the treating is in the reverse sequence, the disease will be aggravated. When the pulse condition is slippery and gigantic or intermittent and long, it shows the evil is from outside. When one has photism or apt to have impractical wishful thinking, it is the disease of the overabundance of Yang, and it can be recovered when the Yang is restricted."

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