血络论/Xue Luo Lun

(On Superficial Venules)

黄帝日:愿闻其奇邪而不在经者。岐伯日:血络是也。

Yellow Emperor said:"I hope to know the condition when the evil is not in the channel." Qibo said: "It is the condition when the evil is in the superficial venules."

黄帝说:刺血络而仆者，何也?血出而射者，何也?血少[少:《太素》卷二十三《量络刺》《甲乙》卷一第十四并作“出”]黑而浊者，何也?血出清[血出清:《太素》卷二十三《量络刺》作“血清”]而半为汁者，何也?发针而肿者，何也?血出若多若少而面色苍苍者，何也?发针而面色不变而烦愧者，何也?多出血而不动摇者，何也?愿闻其故。

Yellow Emperor asked:"Some patients collapse after the letting out of blood from the superficial venules, and why is it? When letting out the blood, it is like spurting, and why is it? The blood lets out is black and thick, and why is it? When the blood let out is dilute, one half of it is liquid juice, and why is it? When the needle is pulled out, the skin is swelling, and why is it? The patient's complexion is green disregarding the bleeding is plenty or few, and why is it? After the pulling out of the needle, the complexion of the patient remains unchanged but has oppressive feeling in the chest, and why is it? When the bleeding is plenty but the patient is not painful, and why is it? I hope to know the various reasons about them."

岐伯曰:脉气盛而血虚者，刺之则脱气，脱气则仆。血气俱盛而阴气[阴气:按“阴”应作“阳”]多者，其血滑，刺之则射;阳气畜积，久留而不泻者，其血黑以浊，故不能射。新饮而液渗于络，而未合和于血也，故血出而汁别焉;其不新饮者，身中有水，久则为肿。阴气积于阳，其气因于络，故刺之，血未出而气先行，故肿。阴阳之气，其新相得而未和合，因而泻之，则阴阳俱脱，表里相离，故脱色而[而:《太素》卷二十三《量络刺》作“面”]苍苍然。刺之血出多，色不变而烦愧者，刺络而虚经。虚经之属于阴者，阴脱，故烦愧。阴阳相得而合为痹者，此为内溢于经，外注于络，如是者，阴阳俱有余，虽多出血而弗能虚也。

Qibo said: "When the patient's channel energy is excessive but his blood is deficient, if the superficial venule is pricked and the blood is let out, he will have exhaustion of vital energy and fall down with coma. When both the blood and energy are excessive, the Yang energy in the channel is abundant, and the circulation of blood is fluent and slippery, if the superficial venule is pricked, the blood will be spurting; when the Yang energy accumulated in the superficial venules and retained long without being purged, then the blood let out will be black and thick and will not be spurting. When the patient has just drunk water which has permeated into the superficial venules but has not yet mingled with the blood, by this time, if the superficial venule is pricked, part of the fluid will be of liquid juice; if the patient has not drunk water just then, it is the fluid retained in the body and will cause edema when it is protracted. When the Yin energy accumulates in the Yang collateral, then, the Yin energy will hide in the collateral. When the collateral is pricked and the energy moves away before the coming out of the blood, the Yin energy will be shut in the striae of the muscle and the location of pricking will be swelling. When the Yin and Yang energies have just met but have not yet combined, the purging therapy will cause the Yin and Yang energies to become dispersing and the superficies and the interior divorcing, as a result, the complexion of the patient will be fading to become green. When the superficial venule is pricked and the bleeding is plenty,the complexion of the patient is unchanged but he has an oppressive feeling in the chest, it is because the pricking of the collateral causes the debility of the channel; as the channel connects the five viscera which are Yin, and when the Yin is in debility, the oppressive feeling of the chest will occur. When the Yin evil and the Yang evil combine, bi-syndrome will occur, when the evil energy retains in the body, it will fill the channel inside and pour into the collateral outside, in this way, the evils in both the Yin and Yang will be excessive. Thus, when pricking the collateral, although the bleeding is plenty, the channel will not be deficient."

黄帝曰:相之奈何?岐伯曰:血脉者，盛[血脉者，盛:“者盛”二字误倒]坚横以赤, 上下无常处，小者如针，大者如筋，则而泻之万全也，故无失数矣[矣:《太素》卷二十三《量络刺》并无此字];失数而反，各如其度。

Yellow Emperor asked:"How to examine the superficial venules?" Qibo said:"When the channel energy of the patient is excessive, one can perceive the superficial venule is firm, full and red, it can be up above or down below without a definite location, the small one is like a needle and the large one is like a chopstick, under this condition, it will be perfectly safe when applying the therapy of pricking the collateral and let out the blood, but the pricking must not divorce from the principle of the blood-letting puncture. If the pricking is divorced from the principle and violates the routine, the eight conditions anticipated above will occur."

黄帝曰:针入而肉著者，何也?岐伯曰:热气因于针则针热，热则肉著于针，故坚焉。

Yellow Emperor asked: "After insertion of the needle, the muscle attaches to the body of the needle, and why is it?" Qibo said: "It is because the muscle is hot and hotness causes the muscle to attach the needle tightly."

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