自然保护地体系是保护生物多样性、维护自然资本和生态系统服务、保障国家乃至全球民众福祉的重要管理手段。目前，青藏高原自然保护地体系正在由以自然保护区为主体向以国家公园为主体转变。
1963年，青藏高原第一个国家级自然保护区（现白水江国家级自然保护区）成立。1994年《中华人民共和国自然保护区条例》颁布实施后，明确了自然保护区等级体系、管理机构和功能区，青藏高原的自然保护区建设进入快速稳定发展阶段。目前，青藏高原已经建成各级自然保护区155个（其中国家级41个、省级64个），面积达82.24万平方公里，约占高原总面积的31.63%，占中国陆地自然保护区总面积的57.56%，基本涵盖了高原独特和脆弱生态系统及珍稀物种资源。
The system of protected natural areas is an important means of management to protect biodiversity, preserve natural capital, maintain ecosystem services, and safeguard the wellbeing of Chinese people and the peoples of the world. Currently the protected natural areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are more and more composed of national parks than of nature reserves.
In 1963, the Plateau delineated its first state nature reserve (now the Baishuijiang State Nature Reserve). The Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Nature Reserves, promulgated in 1994, defined the ranking system, the management structure and the function zones of nature reserves, ushering in a period of rapid development of nature reserves on the Plateau. To date, the Plateau has established in total 155 nature reserves at all levels (41 state and 64 provincial ones), covering a total area of 822,400 sq km. This is equivalent to 31.63 percent of the Plateau’s landmass and represents 57.56 percent of China’s land nature reserve areas. Basically, all of the Plateau’s unique and fragile ecosystems and rare species can be found in these reserves.
随着生态文明体制改革的深入推进，中国政府提出建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系。2016年，国家正式批准《三江源国家公园体制试点方案》，这是中国第一个国家公园体制改革试点，核心是实现三江源重要自然生态资源国家所有、全民共享、世代传承。青海省制定了《三江源国家公园条例（试行）》，从公园本底调查、保护对象、产权制度、资产负债表、生物多样性保护、生态环境监测、文化遗产保护、生态补偿、防灾减灾、检验检疫等方面对公园管理做出明确规定。2018年1月，国家发展改革委印发《三江源国家公园总体规划》，进一步明确了三江源国家公园建设的基本原则、总体布局、功能定位和管理目标等。三江源国家公园建设将为青藏高原及周边地区的绿色发展发挥引领和示范作用。
生态补偿制度得到确立
As China reforms its system for ecological progress, the government has issued a directive to establish a system of protected natural areas, with state parks as the main element. In 2016, the state ratified the Plan for the Trial Run of the State Park at Sanjiangyuan (literally, source of three large rivers), the first pilot reform program to introduce state parks in China. The core aim is to make sure that the ecological resources of the Sanjiangyuan area, where the headwaters of the Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River converge, are owned by the state, shared by the people, and passed down to future generations. The Regulations of Sanjiangyuan State Park (Trial), issued by Qinghai Province, defines clear provisions on the parks’ management in terms of background survey, targets of protection, ownership structure, assets and liabilities, biodiversity preservation, environmental monitoring, cultural legacy protection, ecological compensation, disaster prevention and reduction, and inspection and quarantine. In January 2018, the National Development and Reform Commission released the Overall Plan of Sanjiangyuan State Park, which further clarified the principles of running the park, its layout, functions, and management targets. The park will serve as a role model to guide green development on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and in surrounding areas.
An ecological compensation mechanism is in place.
上一篇：《青藏高原生态文明建设状况》白皮书（全文中英对照）II
下一篇：科技文章中which的译法
微信公众号搜索“译员”关注我们，每天为您推送翻译理论和技巧，外语学习及翻译招聘信息。