切实保障人民知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权。70年来，中国建立健全常态化的法律草案公开征求意见工作机制，不断完善政务公开制度体系，拓宽公众参与立法和重大行政决策的渠道。截至2018年，国家立法机关共有172件法律草案向社会公开征求意见，收到1.5亿多人次提出的510多万条意见。健全依法决策机制，把公众参与、专家论证、风险评估、合法性审查、集体讨论决定确定为重大行政决策法定程序，提高决策科学化、民主化、法治化水平。推动协商民主广泛多层制度化发展，不断规范协商内容、协商程序，拓展协商民主形式，增加协商密度，提高协商成效，以事关经济社会发展全局和涉及群众切身利益的实际问题为内容，开展广泛协商。截至2019年3月，全国政协共收到141807件提案，立案130299件，编刊及转送社情民意信息12096件，大多数提案的建议得到采纳和落实。建立健全信访制度，国家信访信息系统联通了全国各级信访机构、9万多个职能部门和乡镇（街道）、41个中央和国家机关部委，建立人民建议征集制度。畅通民意表达渠道，创新群众监督方式，建立便捷高效的网络表达平台，公民在网络上积极建言献策，表达诉求，有序参与社会管理。坚持和发展“小事不出村，大事不出镇，矛盾不上交”的枫桥经验，不断深化人民调解、行政调解、行业性专业性调解、司法调解衔接联动，完善矛盾纠纷多元化解机制，让群众及时、就地解决问题。全国人大常委会开展执法检查，人民政协积极探索和完善民主监督机制，就决策执行中的问题提出批评和建议。
China protects people’s rights to know, to participate, to express, and to supervise. A mechanism through which public opinion is consulted in drafting laws has been set up and improved. Transparency of administrative work of the government is enhanced, and the channels for public participation in legislation and major administrative decision-making are constantly broadening. By 2018 the state legislatures had solicited public opinion on 172 draft laws, receiving 5.1 million comments from 150 million people.
A mechanism in which decisions are made in accordance with the law has been improved. This takes public participation, expert discussion, risk assessment, review of legality, and group discussion as legal procedures in major administrative decision-making, so as to make decision-making more reasonable, democratic and law-based. Democratic consultation is applied extensively as a mechanism at multiple levels. The content and procedure of consultation are regulated, and the forms, frequency, and effect of consultation are extending and increasing. Extensive consultation is conducted on matters concerning overall economic and social development and related to the vital interests of the people. By March 2019, the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) had received 141,807 proposals and 130,299 of them were placed on file, published and transmitted 12,096 samples of public opinion, and adopted and carried out most of the proposals.
A public complaints reporting system has been established and improved. The national public complaints information system links public complaints and proposals administrative organs at all levels with more than 90,000 functional departments, town and township governments and sub-district offices, and 41 departments of the CPC and ministries of the central government. A people’s proposal soliciting system has been set up. China provides smooth channels through which people express their opinion, offers innovative ways of public supervision, and puts in place convenient and effective online platforms for citizens to offer their views and advice, express their demands, and participate in social management in an orderly manner.
The Experience of Fengqiao, a town in Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province, is a good example of successful dispute resolution, by which “trivial matters are solved in the villages, major problems are settled in the town, and no conflict are passed on to the higher authorities.” This model is being rolled out. People’s mediation is closely linked to and synergizes with administrative, industry- and profession-based, and judicial mediation, and a diverse conflict and dispute solving mechanism is being improved, so that people can solve their problems quickly and on the site. The NPC Standing Committee carries out examinations of law enforcement. The CPPCC actively explores and improves the democratic supervision system and offers criticism and suggestions regarding problems arising in implementation of the decisions made by the Party or government.
依法保障宗教信仰自由。中国实行宗教信仰自由政策，坚持从本国国情和宗教实际出发，保障公民宗教信仰自由权利，构建积极健康的宗教关系，维护宗教和睦与社会和谐。中国政府依照宪法和法律，支持各宗教坚持独立自主自办原则，各宗教团体、宗教教职人员和信教公民自主办理宗教事业；对涉及国家利益和社会公共利益的宗教事务进行管理，但不干涉宗教内部事务。国家对待各宗教一律平等，一视同仁，不以行政力量发展或禁止某个宗教，任何宗教都不能超越其他宗教在法律上享有特殊地位。中国有佛教、道教、伊斯兰教、天主教和基督教等宗教信教公民近2亿人，宗教教职人员38万余人，依法登记的宗教活动场所14.4万处，宗教院校92所。
China protects freedom of religious belief in accordance with the law. China follows policies on freedom of religious belief. Based on the conditions of the country and reality of its religions, China protects citizens’ freedom of religious belief, builds active and healthy religious relations, and maintains religious and social harmony. In accordance with the Constitution and the law, the Chinese government supports all religions in upholding the principle of independence and self-management. It also supports religious groups, clerical personnel, and believers in managing their own religious affairs. The government manages religious affairs involving national and public interests but does not interfere in the internal affairs of religions. The state treats all religions fairly and equally, and does not exercise administrative power to encourage or ban any religion. No religion is given preferential treatment over other religions or enjoys special legal privileges. The major religions practiced in China are Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Protestant Christianity, with nearly 200 million believers and more than 380,000 clerical personnel. At present, there are about 144,000 places of worship registered for religious activities and 92 religious schools in China.
上一篇：《为人民谋幸福：新中国人权事业发展70年》白皮书（全文）V
下一篇：《为人民谋幸福：新中国人权事业发展70年》白皮书（全文）III
微信公众号搜索“译员”关注我们，每天为您推送翻译理论和技巧，外语学习及翻译招聘信息。