人民出行更加便利快捷。新中国成立初期，国家迅速修复了被破坏的运输路线，恢复了水陆空交通。1953年至1977年，交通运输业全民所有制单位基本建设投资累计完成840亿元，先后建设了青藏公路、武汉长江大桥、首都国际机场、京沪铁路等重大项目，改变了落后闭塞的交通面貌。20世纪90年代后，国家将加快交通运输发展作为重要战略目标，持续加大投资力度，大力推进综合运输体系建设，交通网络日益完善，运输能力和运输效率明显提升，不断满足人民出行需求。截至2018年，全国铁路营业里程达13.1万公里，比1949年增长5倍，其中高速铁路达2.9万公里，占世界高铁总量60%以上，2018年铁路客运发送量达33.75亿人次，其中动车组列车发送旅客20.05亿人次；全国公路实现跨越式发展，总里程达485万公里，其中高速公路通车里程达14.3万公里，2018年全国道路营运客运量达136.7亿人次，97.1%的建制村通了客车；农村地区有99.9%的户所在自然村通公路，实现“县县通公路”；内河航道里程达12.7万公里；定期航班航线里程达838万公里，比1950年增长736倍。
More convenient public transport. After 1949, the newly founded PRC took quick action to repair the transport routes damaged in war, and restored transport by water, land and air. From 1953 to 1977, a total investment of RMB84 billion was made in the construction of transport businesses owned by the people. Key projects such as the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, Capital International Airport, and Beijing-Shanghai Railway were completed, significantly improving the country’s transport links. Since the 1990s China has accelerated construction of transport infrastructure and made it a key strategic goal, and continued to increase investment to build a comprehensive transport system. With an improved transport network, the country’s transport capacity and efficiency have seen marked growth, enabling better services to travellers.
By the end of 2018, China’s rail network had grown to 131,000 km, up by 500 percent from 1949, and the high-speed rail network had reached 29,000 km, accounting for more than 60 percent of the world’s total. In 2018, the number of passengers travelling by rail reached 3.38 billion, 2.01 billion of whom travelled by CRH (China Railways High-speed) trains. China has achieved leapfrog development in its road network, which, by 2018, had reached 4.85 million km in length, including 143,000 km of expressways. In 2018 13.67 billion individual trips were made by road in China, and 97.1 percent of administrative villages had bus services. Every county in China now has road access, and 99.9 percent of villages are connected to the road network. Total inland waterway mileage had reached 127,000 km. The mileage of regular flights had reached 8.38 million km, a 736-fold increase over 1950.
国民健康水平持续提高。新中国成立前，中国医疗卫生水平很低，广大农村和边远地区缺医少药。70年来，中国政府建立健全医疗卫生体系，不断加大公共卫生领域投入，提高医疗科技水平，推进健康中国建设，努力为人民群众提供全生命周期的卫生与健康服务。中国人均预期寿命从新中国成立之初的35岁提高到2018年的77岁，提前完成联合国千年发展目标确定的指标，居民健康水平总体上优于高收入国家平均水平。2018年，全国共有卫生机构99.7万个，比1949年增长271.78倍；共有卫生人员1230万人，比1949年增长22.73倍。2018年与1949年相比，每千人口卫生人员数由1.00人增长到8.81人，每千人口医疗机构床位数由0.16张增长到6.03张，覆盖城乡的基层医疗卫生服务体系基本建成。国家基本公共卫生服务项目持续推进，2014年5岁以下儿童乙肝病毒感染率降至0.32%以下，2015年适龄儿童国家免疫规划疫苗接种率达90%以上。重点传染病和地方病防治工作取得历史性成就，2000年实现了无脊髓灰质炎目标、基本消除碘缺乏病目标，2007年实现了消除丝虫病目标，2012年消除了新生儿破伤风。加强癌症防治工作，近10年间全国总体癌症的5年生存率由30.9%提高至40.5%。全民健身运动蓬勃发展，截至2018年，全国体育场地总数超过315.8万个，人均体育场地面积超过1.84平方米，超过4亿人经常参加体育锻炼。
Better health for the people. Before 1949 China suffered from a very low level of medical and health services, and doctors and medicine were rare resources in the countryside and remote areas. Over the past 70 years, the Chinese government has established a sound medical and health care system, continued to increase financial input for advancing public health and medical technology, and launched the Health China initiative, increasing public access to health services throughout the life cycle. Life expectancy in China rose from 35 in the early 1950s to 77 in 2018, meeting the UN Millennium Development Goals ahead of schedule, and the people generally enjoy better health than people in high-income countries.
In 2018, the number of health service institutions increased to 997,000, a 271.78-fold increase from 1949, with health professionals growing 22.73-fold to 12.3 million. From 1949 to 2018, the number of health professionals per 1,000 people increased from 1 to 8.81, and the number of beds in medical institutions per 1,000 people grew from 0.16 to 6.03. A community-level health service system covering urban and rural areas is in place.
Basic public health services have improved, with the HBV infection rate among children under five dropping below 0.32 percent in 2014, and the national vaccination coverage among children topping 90 percent in 2015. Historic progress has been made in the prevention and control of major infectious diseases and endemic diseases, eliminating polio and basically eliminating iodine deficiency in 2000, filariasis in 2007, and neonatal tetanus in 2012. The prevention and treatment of cancer has been strengthened. The five-year cancer survival rate in the past decade grew from 30.9 percent to 40.5 percent.
The national fitness program has thrived. As of 2018, China had more than 3.2 million sports venues (a floor space of 1.84 sq m per capita) across the country, and more than 400 million people took part in regular exercises.
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