妇女和妇女组织在法治建设中的作用日益彰显。参与立法决策的女性比例不断提高，在国家民主法治建设中的影响力显著增强。妇女参加政府机构决策管理的人数不断增加，目前中央机关及其直属机构新录用公务员中的女性比例超过一半，地方新录用公务员女性占比四成以上，成为法治中国建设的重要力量。特别是司法机关女性比例显著提升，2017年，女检察官占检察官总数的32.6%，比改革开放初期的1982年提高23.6个百分点；女法官占法官总数的32.7%，比1982年提高21.7个百分点。妇联组织认真履行法定职责，通过参与人大常委会和专委会、向人大会议和政协会议提交议案建议提案等方式，代表妇女群众参与法律政策的制定，监督法律政策的实施。近5年，妇联组织推动并参与反家庭暴力法、“全面两孩”配套措施等法律政策的制定修订，对80余件国家法律政策及3000多件地方法规政策建言献策。探索建立促进女性公平就业约谈机制，预防和纠正就业中的性别歧视。定期发布维护妇女合法权益优秀案例，引导全社会形成尊重关爱妇女的良好氛围。以“建设法治中国·巾帼在行动”为主题开展普法宣传，为妇女群众提供法律咨询和服务。妇女群众的法治意识日益增强，在民法总则等法律法规公开征求意见中，积极表达利益诉求、提出意见建议，为法治中国建设献计献策。
Women and women's organizations are playing an increasingly prominent role in the developing of legal governance, as witnessed by the ever growing proportion of females participating in legislation decision procedures and the greater impact of women on building legal governance. The number of females engaged in decision-making in government institutions is also climbing. Currently, of the new civil servants recruited by central government organs and their direct affiliates, women account for more than a half, and this proportion is higher than 40% in local government organs. Women have become a very important force in the construction of China’s legal governance. In particular, women working in judicial bodies have increased dramatically, constituting 32.6% of total court prosecutors in 2017, up 23.6 percentage points over 1982 shortly after China’s reform and opening up drive was launched. Of all judges in 2017, 32.7% were female, 21.7 percentage points higher than the level in 1982. Women’s federations perform their legal duties strictly. They participate in and supervise drafting and implementing laws and policies on behalf of the women by attending the Standing Committee and special committees of the National People's Congress, and by submitting motions, proposals and suggestions to the respective sessions of the NPC and the CPPCC. In the past five years, women’s federations have been active in materialization, enactment, and revision of relevant laws and policies including Anti-domestic Violence Law of the People's Republic of China and measures in support of the Second Child Policy. They raised recommendations on more than 80 national laws and policies as well as over 3000 local regulations and policies. There are also ongoing efforts made by these organizations in creation of a fair women employment interview mechanism and prevention and elimination of gender-based prejudice in employment. In addition, excellent cases of protection of women’s legal rights are published regularly to help create a favorable atmosphere for the public to respect and care for women. A public legal education program titled “building a legal governance system in China – women are making their contributions” was launched to provide legal advices and services for women. The legal governance awareness among women has kept increasing. During solicitation of opinions on laws and regulations like General Provisions of Civil Law, there have been active responses from women. The ideas and suggestions they offered have contributed greatly to the construction of the legal governance system in China.
三、妇女在经济社会发展中的半边天作用日益彰显
妇女是国家的重要建设者。中国制定实施劳动法、就业促进法、劳动合同法、农村土地承包法等法律法规，充分保障妇女的经济权益特别是平等就业权利，实行男女同工同酬，消除就业性别歧视。党的十八大以来，中国更加重视促进男女平等就业，推动妇女实现更高质量、更加充分就业，妇女参与经济社会建设的热情更加高涨，半边天作用更加凸显。
III．Women’s Role in Economic and Social Development Becoming Increasingly Prominent
Women are indispensable builders of the country. China has promulgated laws and regulations such as the labor law, the employment promotion law, the labor contract law and the law on contracting rural land to fully protect women’s economic rights and interests, especially the right to equal employment, ensuring equal pay to men and women for equal work and eliminating gender discrimination in employment. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, China has attached more importance to gender equality in employment, offering better and more job opportunities for women. They have become more committed to the socio-economic construction and their role – just like the old saying “women hold up half the sky” – is increasingly prominent.
妇女在脱贫攻坚中充分参与、广泛受益。中国高度重视妇女扶贫脱贫。《中国农村扶贫开发纲要（2011－2020年）》《中国妇女发展纲要（2011－2020年）》等都将缓解妇女贫困程度、减少贫困妇女数量作为优先事项，保障贫困妇女的资源供给，帮助、支持贫困妇女实施扶贫项目。党的十八大以来，中国在脱贫攻坚中更加重视妇女的参与和受益。2018年《中共中央 国务院关于打赢脱贫攻坚战三年行动的指导意见》提出，将贫困地区妇女宫颈癌、乳腺癌（简称“两癌”）检查项目扩大到所有贫困县。实施“贫困母亲‘两癌’救助”“母亲安居工程”“母亲健康快车”等公益慈善项目，帮助患病贫困妇女、贫困单亲母亲等改善生存发展状况。开展全国家政服务劳务对接扶贫行动、“百城万村”家政扶贫行动，帮助农村建档立卡贫困妇女实现就业。妇联组织大力实施“巾帼脱贫行动”，围绕立志脱贫、能力脱贫、创业脱贫、巧手脱贫、互助脱贫、健康脱贫、爱心助力脱贫七项重点任务，积极探索“连环扶贫”“小额信贷扶贫”“基地+贫困妇女”等扶贫模式，助推妇女精准脱贫。按照现行农村贫困标准，截至2018年底，全国农村贫困人口从2012年的9899万减少到1660万，贫困发生率从2012年的10.2%下降至1.7%，减少的贫困人口中约一半为女性。
Women have fully engaged in and been broadly benefited from the fight against poverty. China has paid high attention to poverty reduction and eradication among women. The outline of development-oriented poverty alleviation for China’s rural areas and the outline of women’s development in China, both planned for 2011-2020, have given priority to alleviating women’s poverty level and reducing the poverty-stricken population, ensuring resource supply for women in poverty while assisting and supporting them in poverty-relief projects. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, China has highlighted women’s participation in and benefits from poverty reduction and eradication. In 2018, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council co-issued guidelines on a three-year poverty-relief plan, under which a cervical cancer and breast cancer screening program covers women in all poverty-stricken counties. The government has implemented a number of public welfare and charity programs for impoverished mothers, such as the program of relief for mothers suffering from breast cancer and cervical cancer, the subsidized housing project for impoverished rural single mothers, and the mother health express program, bringing help to sick women, poor single mothers and various other groups of mothers in need. The government carries out a series of poverty alleviation measures, encouraging city households to employ women in the registered poverty-stricken families for housekeeping services. The women's federations also adopt a comprehensive action plan to assist impoverished women in starting businesses, developing skills, reducing healthcare costs and facilitating mutual aid. The federations endeavor to achieve targeted poverty relief through micro credit and development-oriented poverty reduction projects. By the current rural poverty standards in China, rural poverty population has decreased to 16.6 million by the end of 2018 from 98.99 million in 2012, while the poverty rate has fallen to 1.7% from 10.2% in 2012. Women accounted for 50% of those lifted out of poverty.
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