二、保障妇女权益的法治体系不断完善
妇女权益是基本人权。中国把保障妇女权益纳入法律法规，上升为国家意志，内化为社会行为规范。新中国成立伊始，中国共产党组织制定实施一系列法律法规提高妇女地位。改革开放40多年来，中国不断强化男女平等的法治保障，将保障妇女权益贯穿于科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法各环节，在建设社会主义法治国家、法治政府、法治社会进程中，推动妇女权益保障水平不断迈上新台阶。
II. The Legal System for Protection of Women Rights Constantly Improved
Women's rights belong to the realm of basic human rights. In China, the protection of women's rights has been included in laws and regulations, manifesting itself as a state will and a norm of intrinsic social behaviors. Since the founding of the New China, a long list of laws and regulations have been drafted and enacted with the initiative of the CPC to improve the status of women. Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China has constantly cemented the legal assurance for gender equality. The protection of women's rights is secured through scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, fair administration of justice and law-abiding public. In the course of building a socialist country, government and society ruled by laws, assurance of women rights is continuously strengthened.
保障妇女权益的法律体系不断完善。《中华人民共和国宪法》作为国家根本大法，始终坚持男女平等原则。1954年第一部宪法规定了妇女在政治、经济、文化、社会和家庭生活各方面享有同男子平等的权利，并在历次修改中一以贯之。2004年，“国家尊重和保障人权”写入宪法修正案，奠定了妇女人权保障基石。1950年，新中国第一部法律——《中华人民共和国婚姻法》确立了婚姻自由、一夫一妻、男女权利平等的婚姻制度。改革开放40多年来，伴随中国特色社会主义民主法治进程，中国制定和修订《中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法》《中华人民共和国刑法》《中华人民共和国婚姻法》《中华人民共和国母婴保健法》《中华人民共和国劳动法》《中华人民共和国就业促进法》《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》《中华人民共和国农村土地承包法》《中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法》等法律法规，都鲜明体现了男女平等原则。1992年制定实施的《中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法》，是中国第一部促进男女平等、保障妇女权益的基本法，具体规定了妇女的政治权利、文化教育权益、劳动权益、财产权益、人身权利和婚姻家庭权益。2005年修订妇女权益保障法，确立了男女平等基本国策的法律地位，并将“劳动权益”修订为“劳动和社会保障权益”。党的十八大以来，保障妇女权益立法取得新突破。2015年出台《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》，设立家庭暴力告诫、强制报告、人身安全保护令和紧急庇护四项制度；同年，刑法修正案（九）废除嫖宿幼女罪，加大保护幼女人身权利。70年来，中国逐步形成并完善了以宪法为基础，以妇女权益保障法为主体，包括100多部单行法律法规在内的保障妇女权益的法律体系。
The legal system for women rights protection has been subject to constant improvement. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, as the fundamental law of the country, has maintained the principle of gender equality. It was stipulated in the first version of the Constitution issued in 1954 that “women in the People's Republic of China enjoy equal rights with men in all spheres of life, political, economic, cultural and social, and family life,” and this principle remains unchanged in all subsequent revisions to the Constitution. In 2004, “the state values and safeguards human rights” was included in the constitutional amendment, thus providing a foundation of human rights protection for women. In 1950, the Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China, the first law enacted in New China, legalized a marriage system characterized by free marriage, monogamy, and equal rights between men and women. In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, as the democratic and legal governance of socialism with Chinese characteristics proceeded, a series of laws and regulations mandating gender equality have been drafted and revised, including Election Law of the People's Republic of China for the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses at All Levels, Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China, Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China, Law of the People's Republic of China on Maternal and Infant Health Care, Labor Law of the People's Republic of China, Employment Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China, Labor Contract Law of the People's Republic of China, Law of the People's Republic of China on Rural Land Contracting, and Villagers Committee Organization Law of the People's Republic of China. Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women that came into force in 1992 was the first fundamental law in China designed specifically for realizing gender equality and protecting rights and interests of women. It sets forth in details the legal rights and interests of women in politics, culture, education, property, personal affairs, marriage and family. An amendment to Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women in 2005 officially established the legal status of gender equality as a fundamental national policy, and revised “labor rights and interests” to “labor and social security rights and interests”. New breakthroughs have been made in the legislation for the protection of women's rights since the 18th CPC National Congress. Anti-domestic Violence Law of the People's Republic of China enacted in 2015 created four new systems – domestic violence warning, compulsory reporting, personal safety protection order, and emergent protection. In the same year, in the Criminal Law Amendment (IX), the act of “whoring with immature girls” was included in the scope of rape and not regarded as a separate and less serious offense any more, thus providing further protection for personal rights of young girls. The past 70 years have witnessed a constantly improved legal system for the protection of women rights and interests in China. Built on the Constitution and with the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women at the core, this system now covers over 100 separate laws and regulations.
专栏2 中华人民共和国宪法（节选）
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