(一)中央依法直接行使管治权
根据宪法和香港基本法的规定，中央直接行使对香港特别行政区管治权的权力主体包括全国人民代表大会及其常委会、国家主席、中央人民政府、中央军事委员会。全国人大决定香港特别行政区的设立，制定香港基本法以规定在香港特别行政区实行的制度，并拥有基本法的修改权。全国人大常委会拥有香港基本法的解释权，对香港特别行政区行政长官产生办法和立法会产生办法修改的决定权，对香港特别行政区立法机关制定的法律的监督权，对香港特别行政区进入紧急状态的决定权，以及向香港特别行政区作出新授权的权力。香港特别行政区直辖于中央人民政府，行政长官向中央人民政府负责，中央人民政府拥有任命行政长官和主要官员、依法管理与香港特别行政区有关的外交事务、向行政长官发出指令的权力。中央军事委员会领导香港驻军，履行防务职责，等等。中央依法履行宪法和香港基本法赋予的全面管治权和宪制责任，有效管治香港特别行政区。
1. The Central Leadership Directly Exercises Jurisdiction over the HKSAR in Accordance with the Law
As prescribed in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and the Basic Law of the HKSAR, the organs of power by which the central leadership directly exercises jurisdiction over the HKSAR are the NPC and its Standing Committee, the president of the state, the Central People's Government, and the Central Military Commission. The NPC decided on the establishment of the HKSAR, formulated the Basic Law of the HKSAR to prescribe the system to be instituted in the HKSAR, and has the power of amendment to the Basic Law. The NPC Standing Committee has the power of interpretation regarding the Basic Law of the HKSAR, the power of decision on revising the selection methods of the chief executive and the Legislative Council of the HKSAR, the power of supervision over the laws formulated by the legislative organs of the HKSAR, the power of decision on the HKSAR entering a state of emergency, and the power of making new authorization for the HKSAR. The HKSAR comes directly under the Central People's Government, and its chief executive is accountable to the Central People's Government. The Central People's Government appoints the chief executive and the principal officials, is responsible for foreign affairs relating to the HKSAR in accordance with the law, and issues directives to the chief executive. The Central Military Commission is the leading body of the Hong Kong garrison, and performs defense and other duties. The central authorities perform overall jurisdiction and constitutional duties as prescribed in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and in the Basic Law of the HKSAR, and exercise effective administration over the HKSAR.
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