1989年后，随着苏联、东欧形势发生剧变，十四世达赖错误地估计形势，宣称“西藏独立的日子即将来临”，声称“不和一个即将垮台的政权谈判”。1989年十世班禅大师圆寂后，经中央政府同意，中国佛教协会邀请达赖回国参加班禅大师的追悼活动。十四世达赖拒绝了这次邀请。1993年，十四世达赖单方面宣布中断与中央政府的接触。1995年，十四世达赖公然否定历史定制和宗教仪轨，认定其所谓的十世班禅转世灵童。
即使如此，中央政府仍然向十四世达赖指明出路。1997年，中央政府指出：“只要达赖真正放弃分裂祖国的立场，停止分裂祖国的活动，公开承认西藏是中国不可分割的一部分，承认台湾是中国不可分割的一部分，承认中华人民共和国政府是代表全中国的唯一合法政府，就可以与达赖喇嘛就其个人前途问题进行接触商谈。”迄今为止，中央仍坚持这一基本原则。2003年，中央再次指出：在西藏要坚持中国共产党的领导，坚持社会主义制度，坚持民族区域自治制度。“三个坚持”是中国宪法明确规定的，是西藏最大的政治现实，也是接触商谈的根本政治原则。中央一再强调，接触商谈的两个基本点是：第一，接触的对象只能是达赖喇嘛的私人代表。“流亡政府”，不管名称如何变化，由谁掌管，都只是一个背叛祖国的分裂主义政治集团，代表不了西藏人民，没有任何合法性，没有任何同中央“对话”的资格。第二，接谈的内容只能是达赖喇嘛的个人前途问题，至多加上他身边个别人前途问题，也就是达赖喇嘛如何彻底放弃分裂主义主张和行为，争取中央和全国人民谅解，以解决其余生怎么办的问题，西藏的政治地位和政治制度是中国宪法和法律规定的，根本不可能讨论什么“西藏问题”、“高度自治”问题。
Following the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in 1989, the 14th Dalai Lama misread the situation and declared, "The time for Tibetan independence is coming," and committed "not to negotiate with a collapsing regime." In 1989, the 10th Panchen Erdeni passed away. With the approval of the central government, the Buddhist Association of China invited the Dalai Lama to attend the Panchen Erdeni's memorial ceremonies. But, he rejected the invitation. In 1993, he unilaterally decided to break off contact with the central government. In 1995, in defiance of the historical traditions and religious rites, he announced the so-called reincarnation of the 10th Panchen Erdeni.
Nevertheless, the central government continued to offer solutions. In 1997, the central authorities stated, "The central government is willing to contact and negotiate with the 14th Dalai Lama over his own future as long as he genuinely abandons separatism and any activities likely to divide the country, and openly admits that Tibet and Taiwan are inalienable parts of China and that the government of the People's Republic of China is the only legitimate government representing China." The central government has continued to follow these basic principles to this day. In 2003, the central government made it clear that the leadership of the Communist Party, the socialist road and the system of regional ethnic autonomy should be upheld in Tibet. These are stipulated in the Constitution and are the paramount political facts in Tibet as well as the fundamental principles for contact and negotiation. The central government emphasized two premises for contact and negotiation. One is that the central government will only talk with private representatives of the Dalai Lama. No matter what it is called or who is in charge, the "government in exile" is essentially a separatist political group, cannot represent the people of Tibet, and does not have the legitimacy or qualifications to engage in talks with the central government. The other is that the talks are aimed at discussing the future of the Dalai Lama and some of his followers at most. To be specific, any negotiations will be limited to seeking solutions for the Dalai Lama to completely abandon separatist claims and activities and gain the forgiveness of the central government and the Chinese people, and to working out what he will do with the rest of his life. As the political status and system of Tibet is stipulated by the Chinese Constitution and laws, the "Tibet issue" and "a high degree of autonomy" are not up for discussion.
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