老年人权利保障体系不断完善。国家积极推动养老保险制度改革，加强农村养老服务建设，建立健全养老服务补贴制度。2009年开展新型农村社会养老保险试点，2011年开展城镇居民社会养老保险试点，2014年在全国范围内建立了统一的城乡居民养老保险制度。2015年，中央和地方政府支付补贴资金2044亿元，保障和改善亿万城乡老年居民的基本生活。截至2015年年底，全国参保人数达5.05亿，待遇领取人数达1.48亿，其中95%是农村居民；全国共有农村敬老院27248所，床位249.3万张，日间照料服务设施已覆盖50%以上的农村社区；全国20个省（区、市）建立经济困难老人养老服务补贴制度，17个省（区、市）建立失能老人护理补贴制度。
残疾人权利保障事业扎实推进。2012年，国务院办公厅印发《农村残疾人扶贫开发纲要（2011-2020年）》，明确将贫困残疾人列为重点扶贫群体。2015年，国务院印发《关于加快推进残疾人小康进程的意见》，围绕残疾人基本民生保障、就业创业增收、基本公共服务三大重点领域，提出了一系列重要举措。2015年，《国务院关于全面建立困难残疾人生活补贴和重度残疾人护理补贴制度的意见》正式实施，第一次在国家层面建立残疾人福利补贴制度。通过专项调查，实名获取2660多万持证残疾人和70多万个社区为残疾人提供公共服务状况的基本信息，为向残疾人精准服务提供了可靠的数据支撑。2012年以来，中央安排37.4亿元康复扶贫贴息贷款，扶持21.9万贫困残疾人；累计为145.2万残疾人提供职业培训，城镇新增123.9万残疾人就业，2015年开通全国残疾人网络就业服务平台；国家补助完成117.5万户农村贫困残疾人危房改造，317万农村贫困残疾人得到实用技术培训，496.2万农村贫困残疾人脱贫，因残致贫现象得到有效缓解。截至2015年年底，共有1088.5万城乡残疾人纳入最低生活保障范围，近2230万残疾人参加城乡居民社会养老保险，302.3万残疾人参加城镇居民基本医疗保险。
System for protecting the rights of the elderly has been improved. The government has actively promoted the reform of the old-age insurance system, strengthened old-age services in rural areas, and established and improved a subsidy system for old-age services. In 2009 it started pilot work on new rural social old-age insurance; in 2011 it started pilot work on social old-age insurance for urban residents; in 2014 it established a unified old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents nationwide. In 2015, the central and local governments provided RMB204.4 billion to guarantee and improve the basic life needs of hundreds of millions of elderly urban and rural residents. By the end of 2015, the number of insured around China had reached 505 million, 148 million people had received insurance payments, 95 percent being rural residents; there were 27,248 homes for the elderly with 2.49 million beds in rural areas; day-care services covered more than 50 percent of rural communities; and a system of old-age service subsidies for the elderly in financial difficulties had been established in 20 provinces and equivalent units, while a system of nursing subsidies for disabled elderly had been set up in 17 provinces and equivalent units.
Better rights for persons with disabilities. In 2012 the General Office of the State Council issued the Outline of Development-oriented Poverty Reduction for Rural Persons with Disabilities (2011-2020), emphasizing that poor disabled people are key targets of poverty alleviation. In 2015 the State Council issued the Opinions on Accelerating the Process of Persons with Disabilities Toward a Comparatively Well-Off Life, outlining a series of important measures in three key fields for persons with disabilities: (1) basic livelihood; (2) employment, entrepreneurship and income growth; and (3) basic public services. In 2015 the Opinions of the State Council on Establishing a Full Scale System of Living Subsidies for Disabled Persons with Financial Difficulties and Nursing Subsidies for Persons with Serious Disabilities came into effect. It was the first national system of welfare and subsidy for persons with disabilities. Through targeted surveys, the government has obtained basic information on more than 26.6 million named and identified disabled persons with certificates and more than 700,000 communities providing public services for the disabled, thus managing to provide accurate services for persons with disabilities based on reliable data support.
Since 2012, the central government has arranged RMB3.74 billion of discount loans for rehabilitation and poverty alleviation of 219,000 poor persons with disabilities. It has provided vocational training for 1.45 million persons with disabilities, and as a result 1.24 million urban residents with disabilities have found employment. In 2015, a national platform of online employment services for persons with disabilities was launched. With government subsides, 1.18 million households of poor rural persons with disabilities have seen their homes renovated, 3.17 million poor rural persons with disabilities have received practical technical training, and 4.96 million poor rural persons with disabilities have been lifted out of poverty. As a result of these initiatives, poverty resulting from disability has been effectively reduced.
As of the end of 2015, a total of 10.89 million urban and rural residents with disabilities had been covered by subsistence allowances, nearly 22.3 million persons with disabilities were covered by social old-age insurance for urban and rural residents, and 3.02 million persons with disabilities were covered by basic medical insurance for urban residents.
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