四、不断完善政治发展
中国不断丰富和完善适合自身发展的政治制度，中国特色社会主义民主政治与法治建设全面推进，公民权利和政治权利得到切实保障，人民参与、促进政治发展进程并分享政治发展成果的水平与日俱增。
——人民代表大会制度是人民实现政治发展的根本制度保证。宪法规定，中华人民共和国的一切权力属于人民，人民行使国家权力的机关是全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会。人民代表大会制度主要通过以下五个途径保障公民参与并分享发展成果：一是通过产生并监督国家机关工作落实发展权利。宪法第3条第3款规定，“国家行政机关、审判机关、检察机关都由人民代表大会产生，对它负责，受它监督”。二是制定法律法规推动发展。截至2016年9月，全国人大及其常委会共制定宪法和现行有效法律252部。截至2016年7月，有立法权的地方人大及其常委会共制定现行有效的地方性法规9915件。三是审批发展政策规划。宪法第62条规定，全国人民代表大会行使下列职权：审查和批准国民经济和社会发展计划和计划执行情况的报告；审查和批准国家的预算和预算执行情况的报告。四是畅通民意表达机制。人民群众通过行使提出意见、建议、批评、申诉、控告和监督的权利，合理表达和实现发展利益诉求。五是合理界定公共权力与发展利益的关系。近年来，中国建立了权力清单、负面清单和责任清单三大制度。2013年以来，国务院公开了各部门行政审批事项汇总清单，规定各部门不得在公布的清单之外实施行政审批，取消和下放618项行政审批事项，坚决消除权力设租寻租空间，完善权力运行程序。
IV. Enhancing Political Development
China continues to enrich and improve a political system suited to its own development by advancing Chinese socialist democracy and rule of law in an all-round way, ensuring effective protection of civil and political rights, and raising the levels of participation in and promotion of the political development process and allowing people to partake in the benefits of political development.
The people's congress system is the fundamental institutional guarantee of political development for the people. According to the Constitution, all power in the PRC belongs to the people, and the National People's Congress (NPC) and the local people's congresses at various levels are the organs through which the people exercise state power. The people's congress system guarantees citizens' rights to participate in development and share the resulting benefits in five ways:
(1) Generating and supervising state organs involved in the implementation of the right to development. Paragraph 3 of Article 3 of the Constitution states that all administrative, judicial and procuratorial organs of the state are created by the people's congresses to which they are responsible and under whose supervision they operate.
(2) Formulating laws and regulations to foster development. By September 2016, the NPC and its Standing Committee had formulated the Constitution and 252 laws in effect. By July 2016, local people's congresses and their standing committees with legislative power had formulated 9,915 local regulations in effect.
(3) Examining and approving development policy initiatives. Article 62 of the Constitution stipulates that the NPC exercises the functions and powers to examine and approve the plan for national economic and social development and the report on its implementation, and to examine and approve the state budget and the report on its implementation, among others.
(4) Providing an open mechanism for the expression of public opinion. People express and claim their reasonable development interests by means such as the exercise of their rights to raise opinions, suggestions and criticism, to file appeals and complaints, and to supervise.
(5) Properly defining the relationship between public power and development interests.
In recent years China has introduced three major systems that are of relevance - the power list, negative list, and responsibility list. Since 2013 the State Council has published lists enumerating all matters subject to administrative approval by its departments, and prohibited the addition of any unlisted matters, with 618 matters canceled or delegated to lower authorities. In this way, the State Council endeavors to eliminate opportunities for exploiting public posts for profit, and to enhance the procedures for the exercise of power.
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