在全球的经济贸易和资本流动中，国际货物运输至关重要。它涉及海洋运输、铁路运输、航空运输、内陆水道河流运输、公路运输及国际联合运送等。海洋运输运用得最为广泛，在国际货物运输总量中占80%2以上。海洋运输有四通八达³的天然航道，具有运量大、运费低的特点。但是海洋运输也存在较大风险，因为它运输慢，受天气和自然条件的影响较大。铁路运输是仅次于“海洋运输的主要运输方式。海洋运输的进出口货物，也大多是靠铁路运输进行货物的集中和分散的。铁路运输的优势是安全、快捷、运量大，一般不受气候条件的影响等等。航空运输是一种现代化的运输方式，它与海洋运输、铁路运输相比，具有运输速度快、货运质量高、且不受地面条件的限制等优点。因此，它最适宜运送急需物资、鲜活商品、精密仪器和贵重物品。公路运输面临的问题之一就是比较麻烦，这是指当车辆通过多个边境时遇到的海关检查和可能出现的关税支付事宜。一些国家，特别是发展中国家，当公路和铁路系统不能应付，或是在很多地区还不存在的时候，内陆水道便成了一种重要的运送方式。国际联合运输是根据联合运输合同采取的两种以上的货运方式，即货物从一国集中好运送到另一个指定交付的国家。虽然是将各种不同的运输方式结合起来了，却只有一个联运人有责任将货物从寄货人(发货人）处取得货物并将货物交付给收货人。

参考译文

International Cargo Transport

International cargo transport is the key to trade and capital flow in the global economy. It involves ocean transport, rail transport, air transport, inland waterway transport, road transport and international multimodal transport etc. The ocean transport is the most widely used way and accounts for above 80% of all the international cargo transport volume. With its natural navigable waterway, the ocean transport is typical of the large carrying capacity and low freight. But the ocean transport is likely to take risks because it depends on the weather and natural environment heavily and has a slow speed. The rail transport is next only to the ocean transport. Most of the goods may be centralized or decentralized by train. The advantages of rail transport are safety, quick speed, the big transportation and the weatherproof. Air transport is a kind of modern means of delivery. Compared with ocean and rail transport, the great virtue of air transport is speed. It is free from the ground conditions, and has a high quality delivery. In view of this, air transport is fit to deliver short-run supplies, fresh supplies, precise instruments and valuables. One of the problems facing road transport is the complication, in relation to customs examination and possible duty payments when a vehicle is involved in crossing several frontiers. In some countries, especially underdeveloped ones, inland waterways are a major form of distribution as the road and rail systems are unable to cope or are nonexistent in many areas. International multimodal transport means the carriage of cargo by at least two modes of transport on the basis of a multimodal transport contract from a place at which the cargoes are collected in one country to a place designated for delivery in another country. Although different modes of transport are combined, only one multimodal transport operator is responsible for taking the cargo from the consignor and delivering them to the consignee.

知识小贴士

中国对外贸易运输(集团）总公司 China National Foreign Trade Transportation(简称中国外运)成立于1950年，是以海、陆、空国际货运代理业务为主，集海上运输、航空运输、航空快递、铁路运输、国际多式联运、汽车运输、仓储、船舶经营和管理、船舶租赁、船务代理、综合物流为一体的国际化大型现代综合物流企业集团。中国外运是中国最大的国际货运代理公司、最大的航空货运和国际快件代理公司、第二大船务代理公司和第三大船公司。

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