Bleeding complications have been found to accompany 1%~3 of all hysterectomies. For most studies that have included both abdominal hysterectomy (AH ) and vaginal hysterectomy (VH), the rate of hemorrhage is lower in those patients undergoing AH. Hemorrhage can be divided into three major categories:(i) intraoperative hemorrhage,(2) early postoperative hemorrhage, and (3) late postoperative hemorrhage.

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