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我们在英语中经常见到被动语态,其用法要比汉语广泛得多。汉语中也可用被动形式来表述。不过,相比较而言,在英语中使用被动语态的频率要高些。那么,英语被动语态译成汉语时,既可以译成主动句,又可以译成被动句,这要取决于具体句子所表达的涵义及汉语表达习惯而定。除此以外,还可根据汉语表达方式译成无主句、判断句等,如:
It was founded in 1993 …
它(指世界贸易组织)创建于1993年……。(译为主动句)
They are ratified by members’parliaments.
它们(指协议)须经成员国议会批准。(译为主动句)
At the heart of the system——known as the multilateral trading system——are the WTO’s agreements, negotiated and signed by a large majority of the world's trading nations, and ratified in their parliaments.
世界贸易组织的核心一一多边贸易体系——是世界上大多数贸易国经协商谈判并签署的多个协议,这些协议同时也经过成员国议会批准。(译为主动句)
If the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately.
如果方案被批准了,这项工程将立即动工。(译为被动句)
This reflected in the increased diversity of countries using it and in the tendency to resolve cases "out of court".
其表现是,越来越多的国家利用争端协调体系来解决贸易纠纷,而且越来越倾向于用“庭外和解”的方法解决争端。(译为无主句及插入语)
No review of the achievements of the WTO would be completed without mentioning the Dispute Settlement System.
提到世界贸易组织(的成就)就不能不提及争端协调体系。(译为宾语)
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
给了他们两天的时间来做必要的准备工作。(译为无主句)
Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
印刷术是从中国传人欧洲的(译为判断句)
Our price has already keen closely calculated.