促进就业的法律制度

　　为实现扩大和稳定就业的发展目标，1994年中国颁布《中华人民共和国劳动法》，明确提出国家通过促进经济和社会发展，创造就业条件，扩大就业机会。2007年颁布《中华人民共和国就业促进法》，确立了国家执行“劳动者自主择业、市场调节就业、政府促进就业”的方针，建立促进就业的政府责任体系，实施有利于促进就业的产业、投资、财税政策，统筹城乡、区域和不同社会群体的就业，建立失业预警制度，完善公共就业服务制度、职业培训制度和就业援助制度。这些法律的实施，有效推动了经济发展与促进就业的良性互动。

　　国家保障劳动者依法享有平等就业和自主择业的权利。1988年以来，颁布了《中华人民共和国残疾人保障法》、《中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法》、《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》和《女职工劳动保护规定》、《禁止使用童工规定》、《残疾人就业条例》等法律和行政法规。《就业促进法》专门设立了“公平就业”章，规定劳动者就业不因民族、种族、性别、宗教信仰等不同而受歧视，并特别指出农村劳动者进城就业享有与城镇劳动者平等的劳动权利。

Legal system for promoting employment

To achieve the goal of expanding and stabilizing employment, China promulgated the Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China in 1994, which expressly states that the state strives to create job op-portunities and expand employment through promoting economic and social development. The Employment Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China adopted in 2007 has laid down the principle of “in-dependent job-seeking by workers, employment based on market forces and the promotion of employment by the government,” requir-ing the building of a government responsibility system for promoting employment, the implementing of industry, investment, finance and taxation policies favorable for boosting employment, making an over-all plan for balanced employment between urban and rural areas, in various regions and among different social groups. According to this Employment Promotion Law the state will establish an unemployment precaution system, improve the public employment service, vocational training and employment aid systems. The enforcement of these laws has greatly facilitated the interaction between economic development and employment promotion.

The state ensures that workers in China enjoy the rights of equal employment and independent job-seeking in accordance with the law. Since 1988 China has promulgated the Law of the People’s Republic of China for the Protection of Disabled Persons, Law of the People’s Republic of China for the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests, Law of the People’s Republic of China for the Protection of Minors, Regulations Concerning the Labor Protection of Female Staff and Workers, Provisions Concerning the Prohibition of the Use of Child Labor, Regulations on the Employment of the Disabled, and other laws and administrative regulations. The Employment Promotion Law has a special chapter on equal employment, which stipulates that no em-ployees shall be discriminated against on the grounds of ethnicity, race, gender and religion, and specially provides that rural employees work-ing in cities should enjoy the same labor rights as urban employees.