中国是世界上人口最多的发展中国家，13亿人口中蕴涵着极其丰富的人力资源。积极开发人力资源，充分发挥每个人的潜能和价值，促进人的全面发展，为国家现代化建设提供强大的人力和智力支撑，实现由人力资源大国向人力资源强国的转变，是中国政府始终面临的重大课题和不懈推进的重大事业。

　　新中国成立后特别是20世纪70年代末实行改革开放以来，中国政府坚持以人为本的理念，积极贯彻“尊重劳动、尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创造”的方针，制定了一系列解决就业问题和发展教育、科技、文化、卫生、社会保障事业的政策措施，努力为实现人的全面发展创造良好的环境和条件。当前，中国就业形势保持总体稳定，国民受教育程度和健康水平显著提高，一大批国家建设急需的各类人才脱颖而出，为推动中国经济社会各项事业发展发挥了重要作用。

China is a developing country with the largest population in the world. Its 1.3 billion people are a vast reservoir of human resources. Actively developing human resources, bringing into full play the po-tential ability and value of each individual and promoting the people’s all-round development so as to provide powerful labor and intellectual support for China’s modernization drive and to realize its transformation from a country rich in human resources to one with powerful human resources, is a significant aim the Chinese government has been cher-ishing and a major undertaking it has been unremittingly advancing.

Since the founding of New China in 1949, and especially since the reform and opening-up policies were introduced in the late 1970s, the Chinese government, upholding the idea of putting people first, has ac-tively implemented the principle of respecting labor, knowledge, talent and creativity, and has adopted a series of policies and measures to boost employment and develop education, science and technology, culture, public health and social security, striving to create a favorable environment and conditions for the people’s all-round development. Currently, China’s employment situation is stable on the whole; the people’s education and health levels have been remarkably improved; and a galaxy of talented people in various fields urgently needed by national construction has appeared. They are playing an important role in promoting the development of all economic and social undertakings.

　　按照建立社会主义市场经济体制的要求，为推动科学发展，促进社会和谐，中国政府注重发挥市场配置人力资源的基础性作用，大力推进经济、科技、教育等体制改革，不断深化干部人事制度改革，实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略和积极的就业政策，建立和完善人力资源培养、吸引、使用和保障机制，加快人力资源法制建设，走出了一条适合中国国情的人力资源开发道路。

一、中国人力资源的基本状况

　　人口众多、劳动力资源丰富是中国的基本国情。多年来，中国政府采取积极有效的政策措施，大力加强人力资源的开发利用，使中国的人力资源状况发生了显著变化。

In accordance with the requirements of the socialist market econ-omy system, and to promote sustainable development and social har-mony, the Chinese government pays attention to the fundamental function of the market in deploying human resources, while vigorously promoting institutional reforms in the fields of economy, science, technology and education, constantly deepening the reform of the ca-dre related system, and pursuing the strategy of rejuvenating the coun-try through science and education and that of strengthening the nation with trained personnel, and a proactive employment policy. It has also established and improved the human resources development mecha-nism to train, attract, use and support talented people, and accelerated human resources legal construction, thereby opening up a human re-sources development path conforming to China’s national conditions.

I. The Basic Situation of China’s Human Resources

A large population and rich human resources constitute the basic national situation of China. For years, the Chinese government has pursued proactive and effective policies and measures to enhance the development and utilization of human resources, bringing about re-markable changes in this field.