图4　就业人员从事产业的比例变化趋势

　　收入、卫生、社会保障等人力资源发展的保障条件逐步改善。随着社会经济持续快速发展，城乡居民收入实现了稳步增长。城镇居民人均可支配收入，由1949年的不足100元人民币提高到2008年的15781元人民币；农村居民人均纯收入由1949年的44元人民币提高到2008年的4761元人民币。国家大力开展公共卫生体系建设，为国民健康水平的提高提供保障，截至2009年底，全国共有卫生机构28.9万个、卫生技术人员522万人、医院和卫生院床位396万张。近年来，中国政府大力推动社会保障制度建设，加快建立覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系，努力实现人人享有基本生活保障。2009年，城镇基本养老保险参保人数达23550万人；城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗保险参保人数合计超过12亿人；失业、工伤和生育保险参保人数分别达到12715万人、14896万人和10876万人。中国实行最低生活保障制度，截至2009年底，有2347.7万城镇居民和4759.3万农村居民享受了政府最低生活保障。国家在全国范围内实施有计划、有组织的大规模扶贫开发，2009年农村贫困人口减少为3597万人，贫困发生率为3.6％。

二、人力资源开发的法律体系

　　中国坚持依法治国方略，积极推进民主立法、科学立法，为人人享有公正平等的发展权利，为科学开发人力资源提供法制保障。经过多年发展，中国逐步形成以宪法为根本依据，以劳动法、公务员法为基础，以劳动合同法、就业促进法、劳动争议调解仲裁法为主体，其他单项法律和行政法规为重要组成部分的人力资源开发法律体系。

Gradual improvement of income, health care and social se-curity as guarantees for human resources development. With the country’s sustained and rapid socioeconomic development, the income of urban and rural residents has maintained a stable growth. The aver-age disposable income of urban residents increased from less than RMB 100 yuan in 1949 to 15,781 yuan in 2008; and the average net income of rural residents increased from RMB 44 yuan in 1949 to 4,761 yuan in 2008. Great efforts have been mobilized to build up the public health system so as to provide guarantee for improving the health of people nationwide. By the end of 2009 there were 289,000 medical institutions nationwide, 5.22 million medical workers and 3.96 million hospital beds in total. In recent years, the Chinese government has vigorously accelerated the building of the social security system to cover rural and urban residents and to provide basic life assurance for each individual. In 2009, urban basic retirement insurance covered 235.5 million people; the total number of urban employees covered by basic medical insurance, urban residents covered by basic medical in-surance and people in the countryside covered by the new rural coop-erative medical insurance reached 1.2 billion; unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance and maternity insurance covered 127.15 million, 148.96 million and 108.76 million people, respectively. China implements a subsistence allowance system. By the end of 2009, 23.477 million urban residents and 47.593 million rural residents had enjoyed subsistence allowances from the government. China has im-plemented planned and organized large-scale poverty relief programs throughout the country. In 2009, the rural population living in poverty was reduced to 35.97 million, with the nationwide poverty rate dropping to 3.6%.

II. Legal System for Human Resources Development

Adhering to the strategy based on the rule of law, China actively promotes democratic and scientific legislation to provide legal security for the fair and equal rights of individual development for everyone, and the scientific development of human resources. Through years of development, China has established a human resources development legal system with the Constitution as the essential basis, the Labor Law and the Civil Servant Law as the foundation, the Labor Contract Law, the Employment Promotion Law, and the Law on Mediation and Arbi-tration of Labor Disputes as the main contents, and other separate laws and administrative regulations as major components.