人力资源规模不断扩大。截至2009年底，中国总人口达到133474万人（不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾省），其中，劳动力资源106969万人，比2000年增加11267万人；就业人员77995万人，其中，城镇就业人员31120万人，分别比2000年增加5910万人和7969万人。

图1　2000—2009年劳动力资源变化趋势图（单位：万人）

图2　2000—2009年城乡就业人员（单位：万人）

　　国民受教育水平明显提高。中国实行教育优先的发展战略，建成了比较完善的现代国民教育体系。2000年实现了基本普及九年制义务教育和基本扫除青壮年文盲的目标。高中阶段教育普及率大幅提升，职业教育得到重点加强，高等教育进入大众化阶段。2009年，全国普通高中在校生2434.28万人，各类中等职业教育在校生2195.16万人；普通高等教育本专科在校生2144.66万人，在学研究生140.49万人。教育事业的发展，使就业人员的受教育水平显著提高。截至2009年底，全国15岁以上人口平均受教育年限接近8.9年；主要劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限为9.5年，其中受过高等教育的比例为9.9％ ；新增劳动力平均受教育年限达到12.4年。

Human resources growing in scale. By the end of 2009 China’s total population had reached 1.33474 billion (excluding that of the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan Province), which contains a labor force of 1.06969 billion persons, 112.67 million more than in 2000; the number of employees had reached 779.95 million, of whom 311.2 million were urban employees, increases of 59.1 million and 79.69 million, respectively, compared with the year 2000.

Chart 1  Changes in Labor Force (2000-2009) (Unit: 10,000 people)

Chart 2  Changes in the Number of Employees in Urban and Rural Areas (2000-2009) (Unit: 10,000 people)

Remarkable improvement of education. China gives priority to education in its development strategy, and has established a com-paratively complete national modern educational system. In 2000 Nine-Year Compulsory Education was made universal throughout the country, and illiteracy among people between the ages of 20 and 50 was basically eliminated. The number of teenagers attending senior middle school has increased greatly; vocational education has been especially enhanced; and higher education is becoming more popular. In 2009 the total number of senior middle school students in China amounted to 24.3428 million; students at various secondary vocational schools numbered 21.9516 million; undergraduates studying at all sorts of universities and colleges numbered 21.4466 million and postgradu-ate students 1.4049 million. The development of national education has remarkably raised employees’ educational level. By the end of 2009, the average schooling of people above 15 years old had reached nearly 8.9 years, while that of the majority of the working population was 9.5 years, of which 9.9% had received higher education. The average edu-cation time of newly increased labor force amounted to 12.4 years.

图3　2001—2009年高等教育毕业生数量（单位：万人）

　　就业人员产业布局日趋优化。随着中国经济发展和产业结构调整，第一产业就业人员比例大幅下降，第三产业就业人员比例有较大提高。2009年，第一、二、三产业就业人员的比例由2000年的50.0∶22.5∶27.5改变为38.1∶27.8∶34.1。

　　人才资源开发取得积极进展。人才是指具有一定的专业知识或专门技能，进行创造性劳动并对社会作出贡献的人，是人力资源中能力和素质较高的劳动者。中国政府制定和实施一系列重大方针政策，统筹推进党政人才、企业经营管理人才、专业技术人才、高技能人才、农村实用人才和社会工作人才等各类人才队伍建设。经过多年努力，人才资源总量不断增加，人才素质明显提高，人才结构进一步优化，人才使用效能逐渐提高。截至2008年底，全国人才资源总量达到1.14亿人。

Chart 3  Changes in the Number of University and College Graduates (2001-2009) (Unit: 10,000 people)

Optimized employment structure. With China’s economic de-velopment and industrial structure adjustment, the proportion of those employed in primary industry has dropped significantly while that in tertiary industry has risen greatly. In 2009 the proportion of employ-ment in primary, secondary and tertiary industries changed to 38.1%, 27.8%, and 34.1% from 50%, 22.5% and 27.5%, respectively in 2000.

Chart 4  Changes in the Employment Structure of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Industries (2000-2009)

Good progress in talent development. People having professional knowledge or special skills who contribute to society through creative work are highly regarded in China. They are a high-ability and high-quality labor force among human resources. The Chinese gov-ernment has drawn up and implemented a series of major principles and policies to advance the building of contingents of people of all kinds for the Party and government, enterprise operation and manage-ment, professional techniques, high technology, rural affairs and social work in an all-round way. Through years of efforts, the number of tal-ented people has maintained a stable increase, with improved quality, optimized structure and gradually rising utilization efficiency. By the end of 2008 the total number of such people in China had reached 114 million.