3. 增补反身代词
汉语中有些句子隐含反身代词,但不露其形,因此英译时应增补反身代词,尤其应增补某些作宾语或同位语的反身代词。例如:
1) 气体均匀地分布在整个容器中。
The gas distributes itself uniformily throughout a container.
2) 原子在固体中是如何排列的?
How do atoms arrange themselves in a solid?
3) 他由于工作落后而感到惭愧。
He was ashamed of himself for being behind in his work.
4. 增补关系代词
汉语中没有象英语中引出定语从句的关系代词,因此,汉译英时则需要增补关系代词。例如:
1) 功率是作机械功的速率。
Power is the rate at which mechanical work is performed.
2) 看过旧式收音机内部的人都会记起那些大而重的真空管及其它元件。
Anyone who has looked inside an old-type radio set will remember the big, heavy vacuum tubes and other components.
3) 氧化是物质与氧结合的反应。
An oxidation is a reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen.
5. 增补指示代词
英语中常用指示代词来代替句中曾出现过的某一名词,而汉语则不同,前面已出现过的名词,后面常常省略。因此在汉译英时需要增补指示代词。例如:
1) 合金的性能比纯金的要好得多。
The properties of alloys are much better than those of pure metals.
2) 数控机床的成本比大小相等,类型相同的一般机床要高一些。
Costs of NC machine tools are higher than those of conventional ones, of equivalent size and type.
3) 铁的电阻不象铜的那么小。
The specific resistance of iron is not as small as that of copper.