II. 翻译定语从句的常用方法技巧
1.合并法译例
即在句式较短的情况下,将定语从句用“……的”结构译出。如:
1) Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.
污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。
2) In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all.
在存放电子计算机的房间里,不能有一点灰尘。
2.分译法译例
分译法即化整为零,分别翻译;对于长而复杂的定语从句,我们可以采取此法;如:
1) They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他们正在为实现一个理想而努力,这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的,在过去,许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。
2) Between these two tiny particles, the proton and the electron, there is a powerful attraction that is always present between negative and positive electric charges.
在质子和电子这两个微粒之间有一个很大的吸引力,而这个吸引力总是存在于正、负电荷之间。
3.替换法译例
混合法即是为了便于译文的表达,采用打破原文的定语结构的方法,用自己的话译出原文的意思;如:
1) There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month.
在那群人中,有些人每天站在那里,站了一个月。
2) Good clocks have pendulums which are automatically compensated for temperature changes.
好的钟摆可以自动补偿温度变化造成的误差。
4. 兼有状语功能的定语从句的译例
1) We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.
我们知道,由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线,所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚。(表示原因)
2) The diode is coated with a thin layer of hard glass which eliminates the need for a hermetically sealed package.
二极管的表面有一层薄薄的硬玻璃,故无需使用密封的管壳。(表示结果)
3) Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man.
尽管电子计算机有许多优点,但是它们不能进行创造性工作,也不能代替人。(表示让步)
4) For any machine whose input and output forces are known, its mechanical advantage can be calculated.
对于任何机器来说,如果知其输入力和输出力,就能求出其机械效益。(表示条件)
5) I‘ll try to get an illustrated dictionary dealing with technical glossary, which will enable me to translate scientific literature more exactly.
我要设法弄一本有插图的技术名词词典,以便把科学文献译得更准确。(表示目的)
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