结构调整，顺理成章
2015-05-29 15:11:11 etogether.net 网络 次
考题实例：Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of tran
考题实例：Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. （2000）
由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使这种方式相对容易）造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新压力。
（结构转换 词序调整 ）
结构调整是英汉互译中的又一常用翻译技巧。由于英汉不同的造句结构和表达习惯，英语中有些句子的词序、语序在译成汉语时，应加以调整，使其符合汉语的表达习惯。如：iron and steel plant钢铁厂，export and import进出口，track and field田径，popular modern songs现代流行歌曲，look right and left左顾右盼，life and death死活，land and water水陆， fire and water水火，hot and cold冷热，heavy and light轻重，old and new新旧，等等。在必要的情况下有时还要打破原文的句式结构，对译文进行结构调整，才能表达清楚，顺理成章。请看下面一道英译汉的原试题：
And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively
1 2 3
sound than someone who has not had an active mind.
4
而进入老年以后，惯于多动脑筋而不是少动脑筋的人，其认知能力 要比从不积极动脑子的2 1 3 4
人 更为健全。
3
句首的And一词承上启下，故译作“而”；doing指的是上文中的to think about things，所以译作“动脑筋”；rather than用以否定其后内容；谓语will go into old age则独立分译出来。原文的1234结构顺序译成汉语之后，变成了2143的顺序。由此可见结构调整在英汉翻译中的重要作用。
II.英译汉结构调整的常用方法技巧
1．顺序法; 即按原文的句子顺序翻译。
1) It was strange that a day of war was a day we stood still. We couldn’t move-that must have been the whole idea-so we had no choice but to watch.
奇怪的是战争的那天我们却原地按兵不动。我们不能动弹—这就是这次战争的整个含意—除了监视敌人，我们别无他法。
2) Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact which had already been suspected: there is a “high-temperature belt” in the atmosphere, with it center roughly thirty miles above the ground.
火箭研究证实了早就怀疑的这样一个奇异的事实:大气层中有一个“高温带”，其中心在距地面约30英里高的地方。
3) In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.
为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然不断进行斗争。
2．逆序法；即颠倒原文的顺序，将句首的内容放到句尾，句尾的内容放到句首。
1)He was dumb-founded at her insistence that he explain where every cent of his allowance had gone．她非要他讲清楚他津贴中的每一分钱都到哪儿去了，他哑口无言。
2)And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.
敌人吹嘘说能在几小时内就占领该战略要地，可是由于一路受到顽强抵抗，结果甚至连外围地带也没能占领。这一事实使我增强了信心。
3) That our environment has little，if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory．
这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。
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