定语从句，合分替换
2015-05-29 15:08:56 etogether.net 网络 次
考题实例：They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credi
考题实例：They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. （2002）
自由和尊严（它们）是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。
（定语从句 词组短语 被动语态 代词）
考题实例：But that Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”（2001）
74．但皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。”
（代词that定语从句 短语）
考题实例：It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. （1999）
这种谬误在历史传统派和历史社科派中都存在。前者认为，历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各史料来源的评论；而后者则认为，历史的研究就是具体方法的研究。
考题实例：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. （1998）
但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
（定语从句what从句）
英语定语从句是各类从句中比最为常见的一种。英语的定语从句向所修饰词的后面扩展；而汉语作为修饰成分的定语习惯上却放在被修饰词的前面。英汉定语的位置上的差异常常会给翻译造成困难，因此定语从句往往也是翻译考试中的一个重点。下面是英译汉曾经出过的涉及定语从句的几道题：
1. Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another.
参考译文：即使是高明的作家，也可能无法描写出把一个面孔与另一个面孔区别开来的全部特征。 (用“……的”结构译出)
2. For the population as a whole we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.
参考译文：从人口的总体角度考虑，我们必须更多地关注摄入少量的、并在无形中污染世界的杀虫剂所造成的延缓。(用“……的”结构译出)
3. Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team.
参考译文：1998年世界杯被捧走以后很久，失望的球迷们还在咒骂那些有争议的裁定，这些裁定剥夺了他们所支持的球队获胜的机会。(另起一句翻译)
从以上三道考题可以看出，定语从句出现在不同的位置，我们所翻译处理的方法手段也不尽相同。
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