所谓句子成分转换的译法,是把句子的某一成分(如主语)译成另一成分(如宾语等)。在多数情况下,词类转译必然导致句子成分的转译,例如:当英语的动词转译为汉语的名词或副词时,该动词的谓语成分也就相应地转译为汉语的主语、宾语或状语等。
成分转换的目的是使译文通顺,符合汉语习惯。
例句:
It is because the bounding properties of one pair of electrons in the double bond are not fully satisfied.
这是由于双键上的一对电子不具有充分饱和的键合性质。
分句中主语:“the bounding properties ”转译为宾语;
分句中定语:“one pair of electrons ”转译为主语;
分句中状语:“in the double bond ”转译为定语;
分句中表语:“are satisfied”转译为定语。
一、主语的转译
① The following definitions apply to the terms used in this specification.
本说明所用的一些术语定义如下。(主语→谓语)
② Evaporation emphasis is placed on concentrating a solutions rather than forming and building crystals.
蒸发着重于将溶液浓缩,而不是生成和析出晶体。(主语→谓语)
③ Organic compounds are not soluble in water because there is no tendency for water to separate their molecules into ions.
有机化合物不溶于水,因为水没有将它们的分子分离成离子的倾向。(主语→宾语)
④ Methane is less than half as heavy a water.
甲烷的密度不到水的一半。(主语→定语)
⑤ When a copper plate is put into the sulfuric acid electrolyte, very few of its atoms dissolve.
当将铜极片置于硫酸电解液中时,几乎没有铜原子溶解。(主语→状语)
二、谓语的转译
① Thus, an acid and a base react in a proton transfer reaction.
因此,酸与碱的反应是一个质子转移的反应。(谓语→主语)
② The past few decades have been characterized by prodigious expansion of the organic -chemical industry.
过去数十年的特征是有机化学工业得到了惊人的发展。 (谓语→主语)
③ The melting point of alkanes are rather irregular at first, but tend to rise somewhat steadily as the molecules become larger.
烷烃的熔点起初很不规则,但随着分子的增大,则有些稳步上升的趋势。(谓语→宾语)
三、宾语的转译
① TNT has high explosive power. (TNT=trinitrotoluene)
TNT 的爆炸力很大。 (宾语→主语)
② It is assumed that there is little if any leakage through the condensers.
可以设想,电容器即使漏电,也是很少的。 (宾语→主语)