科技英译常见的推理错误
2017-04-28 09:43:36 etogether.net 网络 次
推理作为逻辑思维的重要组成部分，是指由一个或多个已知的判断推论出另-个判断的思维过程。如果译文中用于推理的已知判断或推理过程本身因翻译不妥而发生问题，由此作出的推论也必然不正确或不严谨。科技英译常见的推理错误主要包括推理根据不正确、根据与推论脱节、理由不充分等。
一、推理的根据不正确
如果作为推理根据的已知判断是错误的，推理结论必然是不可靠的。这一点不言自明。如例1所示：
例1. When the apple fruits were irradiated with gamma rays, the ethyl acetate in them was resolved while the pure product of ethyl acetate was not. Therefore, it is concluded that gamma irradiation has significant effect on the ethyl acetate in apples but has no effect on the pure ethyl acetate preparation. [苹果用 y 射线辐照后，其乙酸乙酯被分解，但对乙酸乙酯纯品不受影响。因此，可以得出以下结论:y 射线辐照对苹果中的乙酸乙酯有效，但对乙酸乙酯无效。]
在此，the pure product of ethyl acetate 的判断是无效判断，因此，后面所作的推理has no effect on the pure ethyl acetate preparation 也是不可靠的。
改译：When the apples, together with the pure preparation of ethyl acetate, were irradiated wilh gamma rays, the ethyl acetate in the fruil was dissolved, while the pure ethyl acetate remained unchanged. Therefore, it is concluded that gamma irradiation produces significant effect on the ethyl acetate in the fruit but no effect on the pure acetate preparation.
二、推理的结论不完整或不明确
一切推论都是根据一定的条件做出的，因此，推论本身都是有条件。丢掉这些条件，推论将会变得不完整或不明确。
例2. Using this method, no variation of the ability on synthesizing and secreting a-amylase was observed among grains of homozygous wheat plants (H2) derived from anther culture; but some variations with altered hormone sensitivity occurred among somaclonal plants (SC1). The result showed that this screening method is feasible. [应用这种方法，在花培纯系内籽粒间未发现变异；在体细胞无性系的籽粒间发现了对激素敏感性改变的变异体。 表明了该筛选方法的可行性。]
原译有两个判断作为推论this screening method is feasible的根据或条件，而这两个判断恰好相矛盾。因此，推论“这种方法是可行的”应说明是对哪神情况而言的。上述译文还有修辞问题和语法错误。
改译：By using this method, no variation of a-amylase synthesis and secretion among grains of homozygous wheat plants (H2)
derived from anther cultures was observed, but some variations of hormone sensitivity were found among somaclonal plants (SC1). . The result showed that this method is feasible for screening hormone sensitivity variations among SC1 plants.
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