违反主从关系的误译
2017-04-27 09:03:21 etogether.net 网络 次
一般地，一个句子表达一个主要思想或主要内容。如果用一个句子表迖两个思想内容时，总是把主要思想或内容用主句或包子主部来表达,而把次要的思想或内容则用从句或短语来表迖这种主从关系或主从结构就会破坏句子或段落的统一性，从而影响表达效果。违反主从关系常有以下几种情况。
(一）主从巅倒
这里的主从颠倒是指主要内容或思想用从句或短语表达，而次要思想或内容却用主句或句子主部(主句的主语或谓语)表达。
例1. Transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction were used to study air-borne particulates collected in Chongqing, Sichuan Province，which are seriously damaged by acid rain.[本文利用透射电镜和X-射线衍射技术对酸雨危害较为严重的重庆市区大气颗粒物样品进行了较为细致的研究工作。]
原译把主要完成的研究工作用一个动词不定式短语to study …来表达，而把研究所采用的方法却用整个句子的主部（主语和谓语)表迖,使句子显得主从颠倒、喧宾夺主，影响句子的统一性效果，与原文的重点相反。
此外,句子中“对酸雨危害”译作“damaged by acid rain亦不妥，宜译作suffered from为好;are应改为is”，这里的 were used to do系错误用法，正确用法应为 were used for doing。
改译 1 ： Using transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction method, we have studied samples of air-borne particulates collected in Chongqing, Sichuan Province, which are seriously suffered from acid rain.
改译 2: By using transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction method, carried out were the studies on the samples of air-borne particulates collected in Chongqing, Sichuan Province, which are seriously suffered from acid rain.
(二）主从并列
如果把本属于主从关系的内容在翻译时安排成同等的并列关系或并列结构，自然也会影响统一性。
例 2. The body temperature increases to 40"C whereas the patient loses his consciousness.[体温达到 40"C 病人就会失去知觉。]
显然体温升高和失去知觉不是两个独立的事件，二者是有联系的，而且是从属关系，失去知觉以体温升高为条件。故原译将两个事件译成并列句表达缺乏统一性。
改译1： When his body temperature increases to 40"C，the patient will lose his consciousness.
改译2 : If one' s body temperature reaches 40"C，he will lose his consciousness.
上一篇：科技英译常见的推理错误
下一篇：关系副词使用不正确的举例
微信公众号搜索“译员”关注我们，每天为您推送翻译理论和技巧，外语学习及翻译招聘信息。